-
1500
Trade Network
The Algonquins and Iroquois would trade with each other for their, for needs. The Algonquins would trade meat and furs to the Iroquois for agricultural harvest and tools. The Trade network would expand all across North America and you would see things near the mountain regions all the way near the great lakes, this was because people would trade and trade different things and these items would make their way after many years across the continent. -
1500
Modes of transport
During the summer, the natives would use canoes as their mode of transportation, they would be able to travel to different places with storage on board or they would be able to fish, during the winter they would use snowshoes because the shoes were flat and were spread out, making it easier to walk, without these shoes they would sink into the snow with almost every step. -
Period: 1500 to
Economy and Development
-
Fishing grounds
The Europeans liked to fish and bring them back to Europe, during the summer they would go to the Maritimes to fish and there was a lot of fish so all they really needed to do was throw a net overboard and they would catch plenty of fish. This mad the natives upset because they were going to their land and taking an essential way of eating, this sometimes cause conflict between the Europeans and the natives. -
Chartered systems
Chartered companies like the associates of 100 companies, were put in New France in order to grow the population there, but they didn`t really. These people have privileges like they were the only ones with access to fur trade and they were supposed to develop the economy in an agreement to have these privileges, but these people were mostly male, so the birth rate wasn`t a factor and for the most part ignored the development of the colony, but focused on trade. -
The Birth of Fur Trade
The Amerindians offered to European fisherman furs in exchange for metal objects like pots and knives. Many high-quality clothing were made from these furs. For the Europeans, the furs were much more valuable to them rather than the metal objects, but it was vise Versa for the Amerindians, because of fur trade trading posts were set up, and New France grew its territory in an attempt to find more animals for furs. -
Mercantilism
The king made money off mercantilism. This was a financial way of organization. The king and European countries thought that it was essential to possess as much gold as possible, so the countries would take in natural resources from their owned colonies and , make it into a finished product and resell it for a higher price. -
Hudson's bay fur company
In the 17th century, two adventures, Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard chouart Des Groseilliers explored Hudson's bay. There they tried to establish thier own fur trade company , since french had no power, these two guys turned towards the British to help with their company. They built the company and it was doing good, but it had created problems between the french and the British and started sea battles. -
attempts to diversify the economy
After 1663, Jean Talon attempted to diversify the economy and not have the fur trade, this important. Jean-talon between the years 1665 and 1672 tried. He imported cows and other animals so the people could be independent. He also pushed wheat cultivation and the creation of small workshops, but this all failed because the fur trade demand was too high and there wasn't enough people with the skill set to seek out his trade triangle. -
New France and 13 colonies
New France and the 13 colonies were much different from each other. The French had a huge territory because of the expansion due to finding beavers and finding furs, but their population was small and they mostly relied on fur trade as their economy. While the 13 colonies didn`t have such a big territory, but they had a lot of people living in their land and had more diversified economy, with growing tobacco, cotton, indigo and as well fur trade. -
The Currency
The currency in New France was the same as France, the pound. When cash was lacking it was often replaced with animals pelts or even wheat. Soon the intendant at the time Jacques de Meulles decided to create card currency which meant putting a value on a piece of paper, and these papers could be exchanged for cash when they arrived form new France. Other forms of paper money were also used such as certificates, other scripts, or exchange letters. -
Obstacles in developing the french colony.
In 1663, merchant companies were supposed to help grow the economy and get people in New Frane, but they didn`t really care about that, but only of the fur trade. Mercantilist also didn`t help grow the economy, but it made it worse. Lack of capital and craftsmanship slowed the establishments of shops and leading to no economic growth. Lastly, state-owned companies that used the triangular trade, because they could trade with many things that were highly profitable, but winter got in the way. -
Transportation Infrastructure
Waterways were the main communication paths in New France, but they were not navigable throughout the entire year, so the French began road construction. As of 1737 a dirt path connected the cities of Montreal and Quebec together. This path was known as the King's path. Also there were many paths within the seigneurs, there were also roads connecting other place to the King's road such as Terrebonne and Laval. -
The Transformation of agriculture
At the beginning of the 19th century. Great Britain could no longer produce enough wheat for their needs. So they turned to Canada to buy their wheat. Canada especially upper, produced plenty of other foods like potatoes, oats, and barley, but the most important were their dairy products. The Dairy got so big industries started opening near the cities and railroads. Agriculture also started in regions of forest development, like Saguenay. -
Economy based on fur trade with the British
The economy was good with the fur trade. When the British took over they also took over the fur trade, so all the trade going to North America intended for the french, now belongs to the British. When the creation of the north west company and the Hudson's bay company started there was an intense rivarly and both companies spent a lot of money competing with each, but the fur interest declined at the beginning of the 19th century, so this situation of lack of interest made the two companies join -
Economy of Timber
Timber became a big part of the British Economy. The demand for timber was high in 1806. This started the bank of Montreal that started in 181, so people could invest money and earn credit. This also opened up a lot of jobs during the winter. When farmers couldn't produce any crops during the winter they would work as lumberjacks, loggers and sawmills. This also improved the development of transportation like canals and railroads. -
Economic Policies between Britain and Canada
In 1846, Great Britain abandoned their protectionist treaty with Canada, so they could explore more markets, so they adopted the free trade which would not benefit Canada. Canada turned to a new partner. In 1854 Canada sign a reciprocity treaty with the USA stating a free trade agreement, but ten years later this treaty was not renewed, so Canada decided to have a common market within its country called the Dominion of Canada. -
The Beginning of Industrialization
The 19th century was a transition period into industrialization of Canada. Things have changed as well instead of learning trade for food, people were now salaried, they worked at jobs requiring less money. For example working in leather and shoe industries. This enabled companies to hire unskilled workers for no money. The birth of capitalism also occurred. Major Businesses, usually managed by English-Canadian investors targeted their capital against small entrepreneurs. -
Concentration of capital
At the end of the 19th century, the means of production came from the smaller companies, some companies eventually stood out of the crowd and became so powerful that other companies couldn`t compete. The owners of these companies created a very powerful and dominant social class. The phenomenon of concentration also applied to the banks as well, the whole role was also to help grow the economy. -
The great depression
After world war 1, many soldiers returned, getting war bonds from the government and with these bonds people were buying new things and the economy started rolling. People put their money in stocks and everyone was making money. One day though the stock market crashed and everyone lost their money. People started killing themselves and the ones that didn't have anything to survive like essential food or water and they has almost no money at all. -
Ways of solving the Great Depression
The government attempted many things to help the situation, they made unemployed men, building new places so they could earn money and spend it and help the economy going. Farming was encouraged by the government so more food would be produced and hopefully lower the cost of food so people would start buying again. In the end, it was world war 2 that solved the problem, all the jobs that opened up with the war, helped the economy get going again and when the men were at war women got jobs. -
Worker's Demands.
Workers in factories had really bad jobs. They had long work hours, low pay. So the workers rebelled. They would form a union demanding for better jobs, they would have 1 person go up to the boss and demand better pay and conditions etc... or else they would go on strike. The bosses would not be able to afford this so they would grant the change, many companies in the 1940's got their change by going on strike. In the end many companies decided to leave Canada because of this. -
Economic cycle
Quebec has gone through many economic cycles, some good some bad. Some good cases are the world war 1 and the roaring 20's. People got a lot of money and were spending it. World war 2 helped get out of the depression, and The Quiet Revolution helped put Quebec on the map. There were also periods of recession like the great depression, no one was spending because everyone lost their money and the oil crisis in 1973 where the price of oil increased drastically and left many unemployed. -
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity was important. It powered resource processing industries because they needed lots of power. Quebec had great places for the dams, so it is a good place for this type of industry. Even though these projects started during the 19th century, only in the 1920`s were they really getting bigger. Some places were Ottawa, St. Lawrence rivers, Maurice etc... From the 1960`s is when the Quebec government nationalized electricity. Hydro-Québec took control of the provinces electricity. -
The Quiet Revolution
The Quiet revolution happened between 1960 to 70. It started with the electoral defeat of Unione Nationale by the liberal party. During the Quiet Revolution Quebec tried to make an international name for themselves as one of the big cities. Some things we did was we ran expo 67 where we got hundreds of thousands of tourists visiting the city and we also held the Olympics in 1976, which did not do well, because Montreal lost money. -
Globalization of the Quebec Economy
In the 1980`s, many industrialized nations took a massive hit in their economy. Primary and secondary sectors were hit hard. Many became unemployed and people`s buying power fell. The government decided to create NAFTA ( North American Free Trade Act) to help get the economy going. Canada also signed many more trade agreements as well. Essentially globalization and free trade transformed the economy of Quebec.
