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Period: Oct 3, 1500 to
Economy and Developpement
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Period: Oct 3, 1500 to
First Occupants
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Oct 10, 1500
Amerindian Trade
Amerindians only traded via the barter system, only with tribes.
They did not consider anything personal property, everything belonged to everyone.
They didn't trade for wealth, they only traded their surplus to eachother to help each other survive. -
Oct 26, 1534
Jacques Cartier Voyages
First time anyone has arrived in Quebec.
Economic importance: Cartier brought to attention the sheer volume of fish that was available in the virtually unfished waters of Quebec, so even though this area was not colonised, French fisherman would visit to get a large volume fish easily. -
Arrival of Samuel Champlain
Creation of the first successful colony in New-France.
Beginning of the French regime.
Amerindians had to start working and trading with the French to survive. They traded beaver pelts and other furs for muskets and other things.
Amerindian tribes went to war with each other for this economic reason. -
Period: to
The French Regime
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Creation of The Company of One Hundred Associates
Company put in charge of making as much money as possible from the fur trade and developping the colony.
Worked on the principal of Mercantilism, which makes the company try to eliminate competition.
Made some gold, but this company completely ignored the developpement of the colony.
Population was extremely small and almost exclusively male. -
Arrival of Jean Talon in New France
Intendant that was brought in to help the economy and developpement of New-France.
Famous for introducing many birth and immgiration measures that allowed the population to grow.
Also tried to make a triangular trade between North America, Africa and Europe that was a failure. -
Period: to
The British Regime
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Creation of The North-West Company
Created after the American Revolution as a result of that war.
Company that controls the fur trade after the change in empire. -
The Versailles Treaty
Treaty that gave the 13 colonies their independance and allowed them to become the U.S.
Economic Importance: The U.S. would end up influencing many economic decisions that Canada and Quebec would make.
Example: Deciding to expand immigration to the West for fear of American expansion. Perhaps if it were all British territory, nobody would feel the need to immigrate there. -
Napoleon's Blockade
Blocked certain European trade routes for timber.
This made timber more important for North American Colonies, because now Britain had to import their timber from Canada.
Made the fur trade less important. -
Creation of the bank of Montreal
Allowed people to invest and obtain credit.
Helped the timber industry because major investments were needed to finance logging companies. -
Merge of Fur Trade Companies
Merging Companies: Hudson Bay Company and North-West Company. -
Reciprocity Treaty between Canada and U.S.
Customs and duties between the countries ceased, making trading cheaper.
Helped Canada massively because the U.S.A is such a large market.
Ended in 1864 -
First Phase of Industrialisation
Lasted until 1900.
Characterised by the invention of the steam engine.
First assembly lines created, more boring, repetitive work was opened up. Immigration was encouraged to fill in these jobs.
Mechanisation of farming, causing less jobs to be needed there, which forced farmers to move around. -
Period: to
Contemporary Period
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Natiolist policies of John A. Macdonald
Made by prime minister John A. Macdonald.
Three basic concepts:
Encourage immigration. Usually, only white english people were encouraged to immigrate.
Creation of the national transcontinental, a railroad that ran across Canada.
Higher trade taxes on those who traded with us to finance the railroad. -
Urban Expansion
Occured around the first and second periods of industrialisation.
Caused by less need for rural farmers because of industrialisation.
More people moved into urban places to find jobs. -
Developpement of unions
Began and developped around the time of the first and second periods of industrialisation.
Workers created groups to fight for better work conditions.
At first, the creation of a union was frowned upon and big corporations would try to silence them, but more and more still sprang up. -
The Second Phase of Industrialisation
Lasted until 1930.
Characterised by the developpement of resources instead of technologies.
Over both periods of industrialisation the distribution of jobs changed dramatically:
Primary sector jobs (agriculture, farming) dropped dramatically.
Secondary sector jobs (steel, wood, resources) stayed about the same.
Tertiary sector jobs (office jobs, business) grew dramatically. -
World War 1
Canada forced to fight in this war because Britain was involved.
Conscription crisis, very few wanted to fight in the war, especially French Canadians, who felt it wasn't their war.
Ended in 1918.
Initiated the Roaring 20s because of post-war projects, a period of large economic growth and prosper. -
The Great Depression
Caused by a stock market crash in 1929.
Crash caused by too many people trying to pull out of a stock that was going down. Stocks plumetedand caused businessmen to lose alot of money.
1930's were depresion years until the growth from World War 2. -
World War 2
Caused by the extremely punitive war treaty given to Germany, which said they had to pay for all of the war damage.
Canada chose to fight in this war, they were free to chose this time.
Even more conscription crisis, because World War 1 was so recent.
Ended in 1945.
Ended the Depression started in 1929 and brought on another period of economic growth. -
The Quiet Revolution
Took place throughout the 60s.
Non-violent movement where the church had less and less influence and people started being more accepting of different views.
Duplessis was the Premier of that time. He tried to enforce more traditionalism (listening to the church and focusing on agriculture) but the movement continued anyways.
