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Oct 14, 1500
First Occupants
-First Occupants arrived in Quebec in the 1500s
-They traded using the barter system
-They're means of transportation were canoes and snow shoes
-Men were hunters
-Females were farmers
-The elderly looked after the children
-Economy based on fish -
French Regime
-Economy based on fur trade
-Dense population
-New France was constantly expanding due to fur trade
-Establishment of Quebec and Three Rivers
-Chartered companies: King wanted more $$$
-Mercantilism system
-Practice of agriculture -
British Regime
-Europe was out of wood
-North-West Company merges with Hudson Bay Company
-Decline of fur trade
-Economy based on timber
-New Jobs: loggers, lumberjacks and sawmills
-Bank of Montreal
-Steamships, railroads, canals
-Reciprocity Treaty
-New regions
-Start of industrialisation
-National Policy -
Creation of the North-West Company
-Created after the American Revolution
-Eventually merges with the Hudson Bay Company -
Blockade by Napolean
Britain couldn't get timber from its usual source because of the blockade so they got it from Canada. This made the timber economy is Canada expand. -
Creation of the Bank of Montreal
-Allowed people to invest and obtain credit they recieved from timber economy -
North-West Company and Hudson's Bay Company Merge
-Merge 38 years after the North-West Company was created -
Reciprocity treaty
Canada signs reciprocity treaty with USA which lasts 10 years. This meant that customs/duties between the two countries were temporarily ceased. This was more of an advantage for Canada because the USA was a larger market than Canada. Therefore, we were selling to more people than they were selling to. -
Contemporary Period
-Exploitation of resources
-Industrial development
-Urban expansion
-Workers' demands
-New regions
-Economic cycles (world wars, roaring twenties and post-war, Quiet revolution...)
-Economic policies (National Policy)
-The Great Depression
-Governement solutions -
1st Phase of Industrialisation
-Skilled craftsmen
-Factories, manufacturing things
-Dangerous work
-Long hours
-Powered by coal engines
-Stopped farming wheat and specialized in dairy -
National Policy
-Created by MacDonald
1.Increase customs duties
2.Build railways
3.Encourage immigration -
2nd Phase of Industrialisation
-Natural resources
-Beginning of electricity
-Creation of new technology for farming
-New transcontinental railway -
1st World War
-We had to fight even though it wasn't our way (Britain told us we had to)
-Consription crisis
-French wanted nothing to do with it
-Women's rights improved (take mens place in workforce, vote in husband's place)
-Economy improved (building stuff for the war) -
Great Depression
-Cause: stock market crash in 1929
-People were buying shares in companies from borrowed money
-When depts were called in, the stocks plummeted
-"Black Thursday"-stocks dropped below zero
-Many losed jobs
-Most sectors of the economy were hit hard
-Government solutions: public work projects, work camps, direct aid and encouraged farming -
2nd World War
-We were not forced to join the army (we wanted to)
-Women were involved
-Conscription crisis (these soldiers never saw war because it was over before they got there) -
Post-war Period
-Post war prosperity
-Natural increase in population and immigration (baby boom)
-Food was rationalized -
Quiet Revolution
-This was Quebec modernizing
-Massive increase in government intervention
-Examples: Hydro-Quebec, trans-Canada, Montreal Metro, Parent Committe, free public education until the age of 16, MEQ.
-Weakened influence of the Church -
Oil Crisis
-OAPEC procalimed an oil embargo
-The price of oil raised from $3 per barrel to about $12 per barrel -
Free Trade agreement with USA
-Effect of globalization -
Free Trade agreement with Mexico
-NAFTA signed
-Effect of globalization
