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Oct 19, 1497
John Cabot's Discovery
Meat was quite rare back in England, and in 1497, John Cabot went exploring West and found cod. There was so much fish, that he went back to England and asked the king to allow and pay for more voyages to get more and more fish for England. -
Oct 30, 1500
Barter System
In the 16th century, trading occurred between Nations. The Huron-Wendats acted as merchants who belonged to the Iroquois family. They were middlemen who would go trade in the place of the Iroquois. -
Tadoussac
Pierre Chauvin founded Tadoussac in 1600 for fur trade, but in 1601 it was abandoned by the Europeans. It remained a trading post for the Amerindians. -
Anglo-French War
The Anglo-French War was a military conflict fought between France and England between 1627 and 1629. It mainly involved actions at sea, and was the main cause of the initial failure to carry out the king's colonization plans. -
Company of 100 Associates
This company was sent to colonize Quebec in 1627, before they were stopped by British fleets -
King Louis XIV
In 1661, King Louis XIV (14th) starts his reign in France. He was in charge of most funding for expeditions to and from Canada (French expeditions). -
Administration French Take Over
The French officially take over the Administration of the territory, building more trading posts and making the main activity of the French Regime the fur trade. Mercantilism is also applied. -
Hudson's Bay Company
Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers, were two french traders wanted to establish a trading post in Hudson's Bay, but the king refused to fund it because he was focusing on the St Lawrence River. Eventually, the two french traders turned to the English, which agreed to fund the Hudson's Bay Company. Eventually, it became very popular, and continued to grow, until today, where it is known as a Canadian retail business group, which has numerous stores set up. -
The Beaver Crisis
In the 1960s the beaver economy was in crisis, Fur trading was was too intense and the beaver pelts piled up in warehouses in France. The king ordered a slowdown of the fur trade, until after 1715 when the stored furs were ruined by rodents. -
The Corn Laws
1794-1846, the corn laws were made so that British people could have better access to the market, by having them be able to sell wheat for less money, compared to the French or others, who would have to sell for more money. In 1846, the Corn Laws were abolished, and the Free Trade started, which meant that you could trade without having a disadvantage or advantage -
Protectionist Policy towards Canada
In the beginning of the 19th century, Great Britain imposed customs duty on the wood coming from European countries. This protectionist policy was disliked in Great Britain by the supporters of liberalism who did not want to pay higher costs for European products for the colony's benefit. -
Timber Trade
After Napoleon set up his blockade, the British were desperate to get wood to continue supporting their naval forces. Luckily for them, they were able to go to North America and get timber from there, starting the importance of the timber trade. -
Transportation Infrastructure
In the great lakes region, in Upper Canada, encountered difficulties shipping its farming surpluses to lower-Canada because of the rapids. After the construction of the Erie canal in the United States, which made Canada start to build canals for themselves. -
The Railroad
The first railroad route connected the South shore of Montreal to St Jean sur le Richelieu. Eventually, more railroads were soon made (1848 - Montreal to Portland, 1851 - Sarnia, Ontario to Montreal and Riviere du loup). -
The Three Sectors
With the phases of Industrialization expanding rapidly, the three sectors were set up. Primary Sector - Mechanization of Farming/Agriculture, Secondary Sector - Development of clothing, dairy and other products, Tertiary Sector - The Office Worker (You would need certain skills for these jobs, for example, teachers, lawyers, doctors). At first the Primary Sector was the most important, but eventually that fell, and the secondary rose only to fall again. By today, the Tertiary Sector is highest. -
Reciprocity Treaty
The Reciprocity Treaty was a trade between the British and the Americans that went from 1854 to 1866. It was a trade of Raw Materials. This was very good, and it helped both sides, but eventually, when it had to be Renewed, the Americans refused to continue this operation. -
First Phase of Industrialisation
It started before the 1900s. Things become faster to do, more efficient, but also more dangerous. The first industries were powered by coal and steam. Farms eventually shift to dairy production, and factories are built, attracting men seeking jobs, even from rural areas. -
Constitution Act
In 1867, the British colonies in North America joined together to form a confederation. Certain economic facts (First phase of Industrialization, abandonment of reciprocity treaty, etc) lead the colonies to unite to form the Dominion of Canada. -
John A Macdonald
John A MacDonald was elected in 1878, and he attempted to correct an economic crisis that happened in 1873, by providing an industrial development policy - The National Poicy -
The National Policy
The National Policy was structured around three major objectives: To protect new Canadian industries through a protectionist tariff policy, to encourage the expansion of the railway network in order to link the provinces and increase trade, to implement measures to stimulate immigration in order to encourage the settlement of land in the West. -
World War 1
From 1914 - 1918, World War 1 took place. Quebec made weapons and tools for their allies, which opened up a lot of job opportunities, but eventually, the war ended and Quebec made too much, and wasn't receiving enough money. This was the first thing that led to the Great Depression. -
Hydroelectricity
Hydro-Quebec's Hydroelectricity was very useful in Quebec, since there were many bodies of water, it was re-usable, and it did not pollute much at all. It became the number one source of electricity in Quebec, and soon China, too. -
The Great Depression
A economic state during the 1930s, which began after the stock market crash in the United States. Since the United States shared capital with Canada, Canada was soon to fall as well. Many people were thrown to the streets, and many committed suicide. Eventually, the depression was cured with the start of WW2 (How Ironic) -
World War 2
1939-1945 - Nazi Germany's attempt to take over Europe, and possibly the world, started World War 2. Ironically enough, this is what saved Quebec, curing it from its depression, because now Quebec would get money by developping weapons for the allies, which opened up jobs, and eventually this jump started Quebec, saving it from going back into depression (So far). -
Baby Boom
After WW2, many babies were born in between 1946 - 1964, by the Baby Boomers, people who made many children each. An estimated 78.3 million Americans were born during this period.
