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Period: Oct 2, 1500 to
Economy and Development
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Oct 3, 1500
Trade Network
The Barter system was used as the structure of the economic activity. Natives would trade items between each other, there was no form of currency. The value of objects were defined by one’s needs of the object. -
Oct 3, 1500
Means of Transportation
The natives used the canoe and the snowshoe to travel in the various weather conditions. -
Oct 3, 1500
Economic Roles
-Men = Hunters
-Women = Farmers
-Elderly = Watched after the children -
Oct 3, 1500
European Fishing Grounds
The first contacts between the Europeans and the natives were to fish on their grounds as in Europe the church banned meat each Friday, but fish were allowed. They would fish here, dry them, salt them, smoke them, etc… and then bring them back to Europe. -
Period: Oct 3, 1500 to
First Occupants
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Alliances and Rivalries
Because of the vast territories, the Europeans couldn’t do everything on their own, so for the first time they make alliances to help each other out, the Amerindians start liking certain things the Europeans do, such as cooking food with a pot instead of a rock. They started seeing the value. Alliances with certain aboriginal groups meant that the Europeans were at times pulled into Native conflicts and vice versa for the Natives who were pulled into battles for European control of resources. -
Chartered Companies - Mercantilism
-Mercantilism: European Countries thought the more gold they had, the more power they had, so they would export more than they imported, by taking in natural resources from colonies you had control over and sell finished goods. (Taxing, duties, etc...) -Chartered Companies: These companies were supposed to develop and administer the colony in return for the privilege of having the fur monopoly, in other words the rights to be the only ones with rights to the fur trade. -
Period: to
French Regime
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Organisation and Population of Territories
It's an immense territory with a very small population. The territory expanded and enlarged in order to find furs once they run out. They have a small population because the Europeans wanted the furs all for themselves, they didn't want people hunting in their grounds. -
Agriculture Activities
Before the rural exodus, families would plant just enough to provide for the family, this is called subsistence agriculture. -
Period: to
British Regime
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Fur Economy
After the english win the war in New France, the fur trade economy passes into their hands. The North-West company is created in 1783 and is then merged with the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821 after the American Revolution. At the beginning of the 19th centure, the fur trade declines. -
Timber Economy
The fur industry declined, so business had to change. Because Napoleon blocked the trees from the Europeans, they decided to exploit them in Canada. This created new jobs and an improvement and development of transportation; canals, railroads and steamships. -
Economic Policies
Britain ends it's preferential/protectionist treatment with Canada in order to explore new markets. This is the start to Free Trade, no customs or duties, Canada didn't like the idea of this. They felt it wouldn't promote buying of Canadian goods. They signed the reciprocity treaty with the USA in 1854 it only lasted 10 years, but it showed and proved very advantageous for Canada as USA's population was much bigger therefore there was a larger market for Canada's businesses. -
New Regions - Colonisation
New regions open up such as Mauricie, Outaoais and Laurentides, because of the timber industry and the need to exploit new forests and territories for supplies and materials. -
Worker's Demands
The first unions are created (CTCC) to the larger central unions (CSN, FTQ, CSQ). The demands include (working conditions, living conditions…).There are strikes and lockouts to demonstrate. -
New Regions/Urban Expansion
-Rural exodus, mass exiting of the country and farm lands to the developping cities; concentration of services (transportation, hospitals, education…), infrastructure (aqueducts, sewers). There is also a development of suburbs -
1st Phase of Industrialization
-(1870-1900)
-Finished products, cause of rural exodus. Factories replaced highly skilled craftsmen -
Nationalistics Policy
John A. MacDonald wanted to bring people to Canada, he increased customs and duties (to promote Canadian industries), built the Canadian Pacific Railway (to unify people, claim the west and increase trade) and encourage immigration (Bigger population = bigger market for Canadian businesses.) -
2nd Phase of Industrialization
-(1900-1930)
-Natural resources and Raw materials. Instead of creating finished products and sending them to Europe, in order for England to make more money they would buy the raw materials from Canada and then create an object in England and then re-sell it for profit. -
World War 1
-(1914-1918)
-Conscription Crisis: Canada were forced to join and fight because they were a colony of Britain, they didn't feel obligated and they didn't want to fight, especially the French, since they aren't english.
- Women: Women's rights improved. Women take the men's place at work as they are gone fighting. They did a good job, so they were then allowed to vote for their husbands and eventually for themselves.
- Economic improment: New industries and jobs to build war products. -
Roaring 20's
-1920’s were very prosperous. People were spending money, which benefits everybody.
-Post War:
-Because the war wasn’t in Canada, our own infrastructures and building weren’t destroyed, so we helped others re-build, but not for free.
-New factories.
-New Railways were built and new regions opened.
-The economy was booming and people were investing into stocks. -
Great Depression
People were buying shares on loaned money, so when the stocks started dropping, people wanted their money back (debts called in), but the banks had lent them all out and lost it, so there was a major stock market crash in 1929, stocks went below zero. The next years until World War 2 were filled with poverty and loss of hope. -Government solutions:
-Public works projects to boost economy
-Work Camps
-Direct Aid
-Encouraged Farming -
World War 2
-Canada volunteered to join, they didn’t have to, this war they joined because they wanted to.
-Women again involved and their rights improved again.
-Another conscription crisis. (The French didn’t feel it was their war, however, they never saw battle)
-War time restrictions and war orientated production.
-Post war prosperity.
-US and Canada weren't affected, so they helped rebuild others for a small cost.
-Baby Boom (Increase and immigration)
- Helps the great depression. -
Maurice Duplessis
Previous premier of Quebec, he was in charge of a traditional/conservatist period, he wanted the church to be more involved. To some, he was a great premier and to others he set Quebec back in time. -
Quiet Revolution
Jean Lesage's liberal party won the elections against Maurice Duplessis' Union Nationale. We see a huge increase in intervention by the government. We also see a modernization in Quebec's educational system and a weakening of the church's influences as the government steps up and fills it's role and intervenes more. -
James Bay Hydroelectric Dam
This was a massive project which cost almost 20 billion dollars and it has been generated an incredible amount of energy and electricity for Hydro-Quebec. -
Trade Agreements
Canada entered into trade agreements with the USA (The Free Trade agreement of 1988) and also Mexico (NAFTA signed in 1993). These trade agreements show the ever increasing effects of globalization.
