Economy and Developement

  • 1500

    Iroquois

    Iroquois
    -Used the barter system to trade: the value of objects defined according to one’s needs.
    -Trade network between families, groups, and the various tribes
    -They transported by canoes or snowshoes
    -Men were hunters, women were farmers and elderly took care of the children.
  • Period: 1500 to

    Economy and Development

  • 1501

    European fisheries

    European fisheries
    -Before fur trade fish was extremely important.
    -There were many European fisheries.
    -They were in contact sometimes with the aboriginals, their meetings were not always peaceful.
  • Alliances and rivalries

    Alliances and rivalries
    -Europeans were alliances with certain aboriginals.
    -Europeans were at times pulled into Native conflicts.
    -The Natives who were pulled into battles for European control of resources.
  • Economy based on fur trade

    Economy based on fur trade
    -Fur trade became extremely important for the economy
    -Fish was no longer as important.
    -Small population, which required the Natives alliance to do the hunting.
    -Exploration and enlargement of territory to search for more and more furs. New France.
    -Establishment of trading posts: foundation of the towns of Quebec and Three Rivers.e was constantly expanding.
  • Chartered companies

    Chartered companies
    -Called the 100 Associates.
    -System based on privileges and obligations.
    -They were the only ones allowed to do fur trade, only if they developed New France.
    -They did not develop the country on purpose so they could have the resources to themselves.
    -Their privilege was soon taken away.
  • Mercantilism

    Mercantilism
    -It’s a way of financial organization theory
    -European Countries thought it was essential to possess as much gold as possible.
    -They accomplished this by exporting more than they imported.
    -They took in natural resources from colonies they had control over and sold finished goods.
    -Created a ton of money.
  • Agricultural activity

    Agricultural activity
    -Subsistence agriculture: planting just enough to provide for your family.
    -Jean Talon attempted to diversify the economy, but failed.
    -There was too much demand for the fur trade.
    -There was not enough people with different skills to diversify.
  • Economy based on fur trade: British Regime

    Economy based on fur trade: British Regime
    -Fur-trade economy passes into the hands of the English.
    -Creation of the North-West Company, after the American Revolution.
    -Merge with the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821.
    -Decline in the fur trade by the beginning of the 19th century.
  • Economy based on timber

    Economy based on timber
    -The fur trade died.
    -Wood was extremely important to construct buildings, boats...
    -Blockade by Napoleon.
    -Rise of the demand of timber.
    -New jobs: lumberjacks, loggers and sawmill.
    -Farmers worked in the timber trade in the winter.
    -Improvement and development of transportation.
  • BMO

    BMO
    -Bank of Montreal was created to help with timber trade.
    -It allowed people to invest and obtain credit.
    -The bank would use the money you put in to loan it to someone else to create an industry.
  • Economic policies

    Economic policies
    -Trade with Britain was doing extremely well until, Britain ended its protectionist treatment with Canada in order to explore new markets.
    -They establish free trade.
    -Canada needed a new trade alliance
    -Canada signs a Reciprocity treaty with the USA in 1854
    -This treaty meant customs/duties between the two countries temp. ceased. Proved advantages For Canadian producers, because the states were such a large market.
  • Exploitation of ressources

    Exploitation of ressources
    -Exploitation of resources by sector and by period such as agriculture, forest, mining ans hydroelectricity.
    - Natural resources are exploited.
    -Source of capital in different economic sectors.
    -Birth of Crown corporations.
  • Population changes

    Population changes
    -The population of Quebec rose 30-49%
    -Birthrate remained very high.
    -People kept leaving the country to urban areas.
    -new unskilled labor demands.
    -Better jobs in the USA, Ontario and Western Canada.
    -Early unions and strikes were looked down on.
    -The rich lived well, but most did not.
    -1/3 of children didn’t live to their first birthday, there was a high mortality rate.
  • Workers’ demands

    Workers’ demands
    -Development of unions.
    -The first unions: CTCC
    -the larger central unions: CSN, FTQ, CSQ
    -The nature of the demands: working conditions and living conditions.
    -Strikes and lockouts
  • National policy

    National policy
    -Favored immigration from the US.
    -It called for high tariffs on imported manufactured items to protect the manufacturing industry.
    - introduced by John A. Macdonald's Conservative Party.
    -Increased Custom Duties: Protect/Promote Canadian Industries by ensuring Canadians bought Canadian goods.
    -Build Railways: The Canadian Pacific Railway was to run coast to coast, unify people, increase trade.
    -Encourage Immigration: Especially in Western Canada, bigger population = bigger market.
  • First Phase Industrialization in Quebec

    First Phase Industrialization in Quebec
    -Skilled craftsmen were not needed anymore.
    -Work was quick and more efficient. but boring.
    -The first manufacturing industries were powered by coal/steam engines.
    -There we many new industries in Montreal, such as dairy and textile.
  • Urban Expansion

    Urban Expansion
    -Development in the cities.
    -Concentration of services.
    -Infrastructure
    -Development of suburbs.
    -Rural exodus.
  • Black Thursday

    Black Thursday
    -The stock market crashed.
    -Panic overwhelmed the city.
    -Most people lost almost all their money.
    -Many committed suicide this day.
  • The great depression

    The great depression
    -Stock market crashed.
    -People couldn't pay their debt to the banks.
    -People needed their money back all at once.
    -Banks couldn't provide the money.
    -The people had no money,
    -Massive lay offs
    -Families bought as little as possible
    -The country fell into a depression.
  • Government solutions

    Government solutions
    • The government was trying to find ways to boost the economy and the populations profit. They had: -Public works projects. -Work Camps. -Direct Aid -People were given food stamps. -Encouraged Farming
  • WW2

    WW2
    -World war 2 began.
    -The country had to spend money for the war, such as for weapons.
    -Women had to work since the men were gone.
    -This boosted the economy.
    -The depression ended.
    -period of traditionalism and conservatism.
  • Maurice Duplessis

    Maurice Duplessis
    -Encouraged people to go to the country.
    -Made pavement roads in country.
    -Made agriculture the #1 exporting goods for Quebec.
    -Quebec was being held back, while the rest of the world was advancing.
  • Quiet revolution

    Quiet revolution
    -Electoral defeat of the Union Nationale by Jean Lesage and his Liberal Part.
    -The beginning of the welfare state.
    -A massive increase in government intervention.
    -They pushed Quebec to catch up with the rest of the world.
    -They forced certain education.
    -Hydro Quebec became owned by the government.
    -The power of the church was weakened.
  • Oil crisis

    Oil crisis
    -Led to a recession.
    -Led to the Disengagement of the State.
    -Many government companies were privatized.
    -Oil prices got significantly higher.
  • Creation of the hydro damn

    Creation of the hydro damn
    -Created in the James bay.
    -It made hydro electricity more accessible.
    -It flooded land.
    -It made electricity cheaper for the country.