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Period: 550 to
Early European Explorers and First Peoples of Canada
This timespan is about Early European Explorers and the First people of Canada and how they made contact. The timespan will include information about the Vikings, John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain, Henry Hudson and Samuel Hearne. -
Aug 15, 1100
The Norse (Vikings)
Around the year 1100, the Norse (also called the Vikings) lived in the region that's now called Newfoundland and Labrador. They had sailed across from Greenland. There were Aboriginal people living in the island of Newfoundland, and they were called Beothuk people. Soon, the Norse built a settlement at L’Anse aux Meadows. The Norse traded peacefully with the Beothuk people at first, but soon the two groups started battling each other. The Norse abandons their settlement and left Newfoundland. -
Jun 24, 1497
John Cabot (1)
http://europeanexplorers.weebly.com/john-cabot.htmJohn Cabot is an Italian Explorer sent by King VII in 1497 to explore the New World. He believed if he could find the water route to Asia by sailing to Northwest across the Atlantic Ocean. While he was on his journey, a cold weather, shortage of food, and the conflicts with his crew, forced him to turn back and return to England. The next year, he tried to find Asia again, this time he reached North America. He explored Newfoundland, Canada, and claimed England which is now Canada. -
Jun 25, 1498
John Cabot (2)
John Cabot had never made contact with the First Nations People, even though he explored Newfoundland. He returned to Newfoundland next year and was determined to find the route to Asia. During his voyage, John Cabot and his crew were lost and never seen or heard again, people believed that he had drowned. John Cabot's exploration had allow England to clame Canada. -
Apr 20, 1534
Jacques Cartier (1)
Jacques Cartier was a French explorer and a navigator. He was commissioned by King François of France to find the passage to South America, just like how the Spanish did. While he was looking for the route to the riches, he discovered Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Cartier made contact with 2 First nations; the Mi’kmaq and the Iroquois. Both groups traded fur and only traded European knives and hatchets. -
Oct 20, 1534
Jacques Cartier (2)
Jacques Carier websiteIn 1534, Jacques Cartier kidnapped 2 of Donnacona’s sons. In 1535, he returned them, while he was on his way to return them, he discovered the St. Lawrence River. In October 2, 1535, he reached a large village called Hochelaga. Next Spring, he forced Donnacona and 9 other natives to come back with him to prove for the New World. -
May 20, 1541
Jacques Cartier: The positive and Negative impacts
Positive impacts: He was friendly to them, he traded well with the Iroquoians.
Negative impacts: He kidnapped 2 of Donnacona's sons, Donnacona, some of the natives, and some childrens from the Natives. They all died because his country treated them as slaves. -
Samuel de Champlain (1)
First websitehref='http://www3.sympatico.ca/goweezer/canada/z16champ1.htm' >Second website</a>Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer, navigator, and a map maker.He was commission from King Henri IV. He started his journey, but had failed to find the route to Asia, so he had to return to France. In 1604, he returned with 80 French settlers, he sailed to North America and stayed for 3 years exploring parts of North America. They spent the winter in a small island, Ste. Croix. They weren’t prepared for the harsh winter, so half of the settlers died. -
Samuel de Champlain (2)
Samuel de Champlain had found Port Royal in 1605. In June 1608, he returned to Canada to create a fur trading post. He traded goods with the Mi’kmaq who had beaver furs. In France, beaver fur is the most popular thing to wear. They build a fort, which would became the center of the fur trade, which is now Quebec city. References: <ahref=' http://www3.sympatico.ca/goweezer/canada/z16champ3.htm' >First website</a>, <a ' >Samuel de Champlain -
Henry Hudson (1)
Henry Hudson was an English explorer. He was hired to by the English Muscovy Company to sail the ship, "Hopewell" to North of Europe. The company discovered a faster route from India to Asia. Hudson discovered Greenland, but the ice blocked his path, which is a big problem. On his second voyage, he only made it up to the arctic Ocean. After failing twice, the company couldn’t let him take the third voyage. -
Henry Hudson (2)
In 1609, the merchants of the Dutch East Indian Company hired Hudson to lead an expedition on the ship called “Half Moon”. But, Hudson had other ideas, he lead the ship across the Atlantic Ocean to North America. On his third journey, Hudson found three waterways named after him; the Hudson River, Hudson Bay, and the Hudson strait. He also sailed farther North than any explorer had ever done. -
Henry Hudson (3)
When Henry Hudson had returned to North America for his fourth voyage, his crew turned against him, only his son and seven crewmen gone on the little boat and left, he has never heard from his crew again. References: http://europeanexplorers.weebly.com/henry-hudson.html -
samuel hearne (1)
Samuel Hearne is an English explorer who discovered the Northern Ocean and searched for the Northwest Passage. His first voyage was on November 1769, but he was forced to return home because Hearne’s native travelling companions stole his food supply. Samuel Hearne did his traveling the hard way, by walking on foot over most of the rugged parts of Canada’s Northland. In 1770, Hearne set of again, with a Native guide named “Conne-e-quese”. -
Samuel Hearne (2)
When they reached Yathkyed Lake far to the west to Hudson Bay, they got contacts with several of Chipewyan people. He had no choice but to follow the Chipewyan people back and stay with them during the harsh winter. Once again, they took his belongings and left him to starve. Lost and alone, with nothing, he wandered through the Arctic for three days, before being rescued by Chipewyan Chief, Matonabbee. They soon became great friends. -
Samuel Hearne (3)
Samuel Hearne third and final expedition was in 1771 with Chipewyan chief who offered to guide him. During his journey, he was the first European to cross the Barren Ground to the Arctic, and to prove that there is no waterway through our continent to Arctic. Reference: http://www2.hbc.com/hbcheritage/history/people/explorers/samuelhearne.asp
