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Period: Jan 16, 1483 to Jan 16, 1546
Martin Luther
Martin translated the Bible from Latin to vernacular language which allowed people to be educated in their own language, He also advocated establishing schools so that they could teach children to read. He publically supported education as well. (Morrison p.73) -
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John Comenius
John wrote Orbis Pictus, which was the first picture book for children. He thought early expierences formed what a child would be life and said education should occur through senses. He believed early learning helped determine school and life success and that sensory expierences supported and promoted learning. He also believed teaching should progress from easy to hard. (Morrison p.73) -
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John Locke
Locke said that children are born as blank tablets and believed that children's expierences deterimined who they are. He thought expierences were the basis of all learning. He also thought learning should begin early and that children learn what they are taught- teachers literally make children. He believed that it was possible to rear children to think and act as society wanted them to. (Morrison p.73) -
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean advocated natural approaches to child reating. He felt that children's natures unfolded as a result of maturation accoring to an innate timetable. His believed natural approaches worked best. )e.g., family grouping, authentic testing, and environmental literacy.) (Morrison p.73) -
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Johann Pestalozzi
Johann advoated that education should follow the course of nature and believed that all education was based on sensory impressions. Johann was into family-centered approaches to early childhood education, home schooling, education through the senses, and believed in the idea that when children are able to represent their expierences through drawing, writing, etc. then learning really was occuring. Johann also promoted the idea that the mother could best teach the children. (Morrison p.73) -
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Robert Owen
Robert was a strong believer that environments determined children's beliefs, behaviors, and achievements. He taught that education could help build a new society. He thought that infant programs were very important and that early childhood education can reform society and education could counteract children's poor environments. (Morrison p.73) -
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Friedrich Froebel
Frobel believed that children develop though "unfolding." Frobel ompared children to growing plants and founed the kindergarten. Frobel developed "gifts" and "occipatins" to help toung children learn and believed hat they can and should learn through play. Frobel thought that the teacher's role was similar to a gardener's and that children should have specific materials to learn concepts and skills. (Morrison p.73) -
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John Dewey
John contributed progressive education movements as well as children's inerests from basis curriculum. He believed that we should educate children for today-- not tomorrow. He influenced child-centered education as well as curriculum based off of children's interests, and discovery learning. (Morrison p.74) -
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Maria Montessori
Maria founded the Montessori method for educating young children. She believed that all knowledge came intrinsically from sensory expierences and came up with learning materials to meet the needs of young children. She also came up with sensory-based materials that are self-correcting and knew prepared environments were essential for learning as well as respect for children is the foundation of teaching. She influenced teaching training programs to train Montessori teachers. (Morrison p.74) -
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Jean Piaget
Jean contributed theories of cognitive development based on ages and stages. He also thought that children were "little scientists" and literally developed their own intelligence. He believed mental and physical activities were important for cognitive development and in project approach to leaning. He influenced matching education to children's stages of cognitive development and had active involvement of children in learning activites. (Morrison p.74) -
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Lev Vygotsky
Lev conntributed sociocultural theories, which emphasized importance of interpersonal relationships in social and cognitive development. He also believed that commuication between teachers and children could act as a means of scaffolding to higher leveles of learning. He influenced the use of cooperative learning as well as other forms of social learning. (Morrison p.74) -
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Erik Erikson
Erik contributed therios of psychosocial development. He thought cognitive development occured in conjunction with social development. He believed that life was a series of eight stages with each stage representing a critical period in social development. He influenced the fact that play helps support children's social and cognitive development and that all children need predictable and consistent love, care, and education. (Morrison p.74) -
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Abraham Maslow
Abraham contributed theories of self-actualization based on needs motivation as well as human development being a process of meeting basic needs throughout life. He also created humanistic psychology. He influenced the importance of meeting baisic needs of children before cognitive learning could occur. He believed teachers developed programs to meet children's basic needs and influenced the growth of the self-esteem movement. (Morrison p.74) -
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Urie Bronfenbrenner
Urie contributed ecological systems theory-- views the child as developing within a system of relationshops. He had five interrelating systems-- microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. They all had a powerful impact on development. He believed each system influenced and is also influenced by the other. He influced parents and educators striving to provide positive influences in each system and to minimize or elimate negative influences. (Morrison p.75)