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Rise of the NAACP
For years tried to get the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson descision overturned, had a really good legal team (Thurgood Marshall joined in 1930), fought many battles over segregation -
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African American Migration
After the civil war, many African Americans moved to northern cities. The black population of NYC went from 60,000 to 450,000 -
National Urban Leauge
The National Urban League is formed. It helped blacks moving out of the south find homes and jobs, and ensure they recieve fair treatment at work -
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NAACP
Worked to secure legal equaliy for blacks and remove barriers that kept them from voting. They got 2 anti-lynching bills passed, and won a number of legal battles regarding housing and education -
LULAC
The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) was founded to try and achieve equality for Hispanics -
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The New Deal
During the Great Depression, Roosevelt began counting black votes to get support for the New Dea. Also, the number of African Americans working in federal govt increased -
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World War II
Increase in labor demands in the north led to an increase of population, which also led to more voting power. In addition, people opened their eyes to the racism and discrimination in the US after witnessing the Holocaust -
CORE
The Congress of Racial Equality is founded. Dedicated to bringing change through peaceful confrontations -
LULAC
A Federal Distric Court Judge in California ruled it unconstitutional to segregate Mexicans American students -
Native Americans
Federal Government tried to eliminate all Native American reservations ("termination"), but it was met with resistance and discarded. They still face poverty, discrimination, and little political representation -
Southern Manifesto
90 members of Congress opposed the ruling, claiming that it violated states rights and would lead to violence and chaos -
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
Ruling: schools have to be desegregated
Reaction:African Americans were happy, many Americans were upset but accepted the ruling, but many southern whites to react with fear and angry violence (KKK) -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus and was arrested. It sparked the boycott that African Americans refused to use the bus system until the policy changed -
Little Rock 9
The governor of Arkansas refused to enforce integration, so he instructed the AK National Guard to prevent the 9 black kids from going to the school. Eisenhower saw it as a challenge to the Supreme Court so he stopped the mob -
SCLC and Nonviolence
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (with Martin Luther King Jr) advocated nonviolent protests against racial policies -
SNCC
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee gave a way for the youth to play a role in the Civil Rights movement, Robert Moses was a key leader, they wanted more immediate change, the young activists were willing to risk their lives for their believes -
Dr. Martin Luther King
he won the Nobel peace prize in 1964. He was the leader in the African American Civil Rights movement and a symbol for nonviolent protests around the world