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John Comenius
John Comenius believed parents are the 1st educators. He also said that the classroom is a safe/happy place with no corporal punishment. All children are deserving of an education, boys and girls. He also wrote the first illustrated children's book. -
Johann Pestalozzi
He promoted the idea that the mother could best teach children. Teachers teach best by interacting with children rather than talking to them. -
Robert Owen
Robert Owen believed punishment is never required and should be avoided. He also believed that children's questions were to be answered in respectful ways. He also thought dance, rhymes, singing, and music were a large part of the program. -
Friedrich Froebel
Friedrich was the originator of Kindergarten. He believed children should express their feelings by music, dance and outdoors. -
Maria Montessori
The purpose of education and discipline is the same: to encourage the development of responsible decision-making and self discipline. All knowledge comes intrinsically from sensory experiences. She also believed respect for children is the foundation of teaching. Encouraged parent involvement in the "Casa dei Bambini." (Children's Houses) of Italy. -
Lev Vygotsky
Development occurs through social interactions. When an activity is within a child's zone of proximal development, the teacher or more knowledgeable peers can scaffold the experience to promote development. Private speech allows children to try out new ideas, allowing them to become their own teacher, -
Jean Piaget
He believed that the developing child learns by interacting. He devoted his life to conducting experiments and observing children. His theory is a constructivist theory. -
Rudolph Dreikurs
Rudolph Dreikurs believed that teachers need to be teachers, not bosses. He believed teachers should use techniques such as encouragement and logical consequences instead of punishment. -
Erik Erikson
Erikson believed that children go through four stages, and face four conflicts. The four stages are infancy- birth to18 months, toddlerhood-18 months to 42 months, preprimary- 42 months to 6 years and primary- 6 to 12 years. The life conflicts are infancy-trust vs. mistrust, toddlerhood-autonomy vs. shame and doubt, preprimary- initiative vs. guilt and primary-industry vs, inferiority. -
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Development is influenced by children and their environments. There are five irrelating environmental systems: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem. Each system influences and is influenced by the other.
