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~Inherited the throne
~Seemed open to liberal ideas, but changed his mind in 1812 when Napoleon started to invade Russia
~Eased censhorship and promoted education -
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~Alexander I supposedly died, while people think that they he chose to "disappear"
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~Army officers led an uprising when Alexander I died in St. Petersburg,Russia
~This revolt was against Tsar Nicolas I
~Nicholas banned certain books that gave ideas about revolt ~People with liberal ideas were sent to mental hospitals or exiled in Siberia -
~came into power in 1855 during the Crimean War
~set up a Zemstvo (a local electd assembly)
~The Crimean War started because Russia tried to take over the Ottoman Empires Land
~Russia won
~Felt they needed changes -
~Liberals and students demanded for change
~Alexander II agreed to the reform
~In 1861, he isused a decree stating the need for an emancipation for freeing the Serfs
~He freed the Surfs
~It caused problems because the people were poor and couldn't afford to buy the land
~The land they did have was to small for farming -
~Elected assemblies
~Also were responsible for road repair, schools and agriculture
~The first zemstva laws were put into effect in 1864 -
~The plot of the assasssinating officials was led by a revolutionary group named The People's Will
~They also planned to kill the Czar
~They werent successful the first time they tried
~On March 1881, terrorists hurled two bombs at Alexander's carriage
~At the end of the bombing, several quards and the Czar were killed -
~After finding out about his fathers death, Alexander responded by killing all the liberals revolutionaries and increasing secret police power
~He also restored strict censorship and exiled critcis to Siberia -
~Mob attacks on Jews
~Jews were killed and their houses were burned down by gangs
~The police didnt do anything
~Many Jews became refugees and came to the United States -
~ His official title was Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias
Under his power:
~Russia became industrialized
~Count Serge Witte was in charge of economic developement
~Witte supported railroad buildings -
~Linked European Russia to the Pacific Ocean
~Helped the transfor of goods and travel -
-A revlutionary in the 1890's
~His older brother was executed for plotting to muder Alexander III
~Ulyanov used a false name(Lenin)
~In 1917, Lenin took power in a revolution that transformed Russia -
~War broke out between Russia & Japan in 1904
~Nicholas II called on his people to fight for the the faith, the Czar, and the fatherland
~Sadly the russians lost one fight right after another -
~A march was held by and orthodox priest,Father George Gapon, on January 22,1905
~He thought that the Czar would help his people
~They marched and demanded justice and freedom
~Affraid of the marchers, Czar ordered the soldiers to attack ~Gun fire started and many men and women were killed -
~ Many battles occured in Russia
~ Mostly started because peasants and works wanted more land -
~Freedom was promised by Nicholas
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~ Duma = elected national legislature
~makes sure that laws cant be passed without the Dumas approval -
~Named the new prime minister
~Made land reforms, strengthened zemstvos and improved education -
~Peter Stolypin was assassinated
