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Congress of Racial Equality Founded
-Civil rights- Congress of Racial Equality was fighting nonviolently for black rights
-The African Americans were fighting for their rights through nonviolence
- there first place they went was a coffee shop in Chicago and had a peaceful protest and from there they spread acrost the country -
dodger's hire jackie Robinson
-color line is a barrier that separates whites from non-whites
-Jackie Roberson and the dodgers- break the color line
- Roberson took the feld in 1947 -
Executive order 9981
-Segregation is grouping people by race
- president signs this executive order, it effects those in the military
- executive order stop segregation in the military -
Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
-Thurgood Marshall was the attorney for brown in the case.
-brown was trying to stop segregation in schools and succeeded
- the case was a class action lawsuit which meant that a person was suing a company or a bigger orgazation -
Integration of Central High School
-Little Rock Nine were the first black people in a white school.
- the nine people were threatened and yelled at every day
- They were given a soldier to protect them at the school -
First Lunch Counter Sit-in
-Jim Crow Laws & Sit-In- the sit-inside when they would sit at a diner counter and wait to be served and not be served and the jim crow laws were state and local laws for black rights
- it started with four students who went into Woolworth's and ordered food and were no served they stayed there until it closed and then came back the next day with 20 more people
-it changed the whole movement in the south -
Freedom Rides
-Civil Disobedience & SNCC- The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
- seven blacks and six whites boarded two buses they started in D.C. and went down south one bus was set on fire and the people were beaten the other the people were beaten
- CORE left the idea but SNCC stayed with and Johnson sent troops to protect the busses. -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
-SCLC- Southern Christian Leadership Conference dealt with civil and political rights
- MLK and other peaceful protesters were arrested and sent to Birmingham jail and he wrote a letter
- they were holding lunch counter sit-ins and street demostrations -
March on Washington
-NAACP is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- 2500 people marched to D.C.
-MLK Gave his I have a dream speech -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Plessy v. Ferguson- was a U.S. supreme court case that leads to the ending of segregation in public places
-the civil rights act was to stop discrimination against people
- Kenndey was going to pass it but after he was assassinated johnson sent it to law -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-disenfranchise is to deprive some the right to vote
-Many people argued that this wasn't enough. He argued that more needed to be done
- no more hiring people just due to race -
Watts Riot
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Black Panther Party Founded
Black Power is a political slogan
- The Black Panthers provided the African American community with weapons so they were willing to stand up to the police.
- founded in oakland -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
-discrimination Prejudice against different categories or people or things.
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 outlawed discrimination when hiring people based on religion, race, gender, or national origin.
- it wasn't enough -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
-Desegregation: The ending to racial segregation. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
-Affirmative action: A policy or action that favors people suffering from discrimination.
In the late 70s, a white male named Allan Bakke challenged the preferential treatment in the University of California's admission by applying admission twice.
--Regents of the University of California vs Bakke reached the Supreme Court in 1977. The court was divided by it. -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
-Nation of Islam, Malcolm X was assassinated he was a black Islam - the voice of the african americans -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (start)
-Boycott & Rosa Parks rosa parks started the bus boycott when she wouldn't move seats
- the boycott was no blacks would use the bus for 180 days
- the event stopped segeration on the buses
