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384 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher, he was born in 384 B.C. and died in 322 B.C. He is known as one of the greatest thinkers in philosophy. He was taught by Plato, and he believed in the geocentric universe. He was considered the grandfather of science. -
100
Ptolemy
Ptolemy was born 100 AD and died on 168 AD. Ancient astronomer, geographer, and mathematician, and who considered the Earth the center of the universe which is called the "Ptolemaic system." -
1473
Copernicus
Copernicus was born 1473 AD and died 1543 AD. He was a mathematician from the Renaissance-era and was a astronomer who modeled the Sun instead of the Earth in the center of the universe. -
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe was born 1564 AD and died 1601. He was a danish astronomer and he worked on developing astronomical instruments. He helped with the positions of the stars, with the use of the solar system. -
Difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes
A reflector telescope uses 2 mirrors instead of 2 lenses. A refracting telescope is an optical telescope that uses lenses as its objective to form an image -
Hans Lippershey
Hans Lippershey was born 1570 and died 1619. He was an eye glass maker. Hans invented the telescope and he was the first try to get a patent for his instrument which he called the "looker." The telescope helped astronomers get a clear look of space and the universe. -
Johannes Kepler
Johannes was born 1571 and died 1630. He discovered the three "laws of planetary motion." This means 1) the planets mover in an elliptical orbits with sun 2) the "area law" which is that if crosses any arc of a planetary orbit it is proportional to the section between the body/central body and that arc. -
Galileo
Galileo was born 1564 and died 1642. He was a astronomer, mathematician, philosopher and he helped develop the scientific method. He studied the pendulum and he invented the thermometer and helped improve the refracting telescope. -
Giovanni Cassini
He was born 1625 and died 1712. He was the only one who discovered the Cassini Division, which the is dark gap between the rings A and B on Saturn, discovered that Saturn had 4 moons, and the zodiacal light. Zodiacal light is the horizontal cone light sometimes seen in the sky. This is because the sunlight reflects off of ice and dust particles within the plane of the solar system. -
Sir Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was born 1643 and died 1724. He was a mathematician and an English physicist and he was culminating the scientific revolution of the 17th century. He was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus. His discovery of composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics and the three laws of motion and the principles of physics (modern) is a formula of the law of universal gravitation. -
William Herschel
William Herschel was born 1738 and died 1822. He was a British-German who discovered Uranus(the planet). He believed that there was "Island universe" which we now know of today as the galaxy. He also created his own eye glasses and his own telescopes that can magnify with a power of 6,450. -
Percival Lowell
Percival was born 1855 and died 1916. He was an American Astronomer who believed that there were any planets among Neptune. He was able to calculate the position beyond Neptune and that's where Pluto was discovered. -
Karl Janksy
Karl was born 1905 and died 1950. He was an American engineer who helped with the development of the radio astronomy by his discoveries on radio waves from an extraterrestrial source. He also discovered that the source of unidentified radio interference came from stars. -
Edwin Hubble
He was born 1889 and died 1953. Many people believed that there was only the Milky Way but he proved them wrong, and that there is more than one galaxy. He was an American astronomer who made the discovery with there being more than one galaxy, which was called "Hubble's discovery." He figured out that the universe was expanding because of the amount of red-shift in light coming from the galaxy. -
Albert Einstein
Albert was born 1879 and died 1955. He proved mass and energy to be equal and he also created the theory of relativity that revolutionized modern astrophysics. He invented an equation that helped astronomers estimate the distance between the Earth and the Sun. -
Sputnik
Sputnik is a series of 10 artificial Earth satellites and was launched by Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. This was the first satellite launched by men and it was 184-pounds capsule. It was the farthest point from the Earth which was 584 miles and the nearest point was 143 miles,circling the Earth every 96 minutes. It lasted until 1958 when it feel back and burned in the Earth. -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
Ejnar was born 1873 and died 1976. He would identify a star by it's color and it's brightness. The brightness and color became a method to measure the stars distance from the Earth. With this information he proved that giant stars and dwarf stars do exist. Hertzsprung believed that dwarf stars were red and were the coolest and smallest, and that the giant stars were blue and were the biggest and hottest. He also believes that a star ends as a red dwarf star and starts out as a giant blue star. -
Yuri Gagarin
Yuri was born 1934 and died 1968. He was a cosmonaut which is a Russian astronaut, was the first man to travel into space in a spacecarft called Vostok 1. It orbited the Earth every once 1 hour and 29 mins at max. -
The Apollo Program
The Apollo Program was the first US human space program for flight. 6 out of 17 missions where successful and the others only orbited the Moon and the Earth. The Apollo Program was set to be able to allow astronauts to get to the moon and back safely. Although there were fails, the 6 missions that did make if back safely provided lunar samples. -
First Space Shuttle Flight
The First Shuttle flight began in Florida on April 12, 1981. The shuttle started the be created in 1966 by NASA when they were looking for more missions after Apollo. The cargo bay was increasing use for satellites because once the first landed on the Moon NASA wanted to work very hard on the shuttle. -
Mars Pathfinder Expedition
Mars Pathfinder Expedition was launched December 4, 1996. It was designed to demonstrate a way to deliver the first-ever robotic rover to be on the Mars or the "red planet" On July 4, 1997, it landed on Mars' Ares Vallis. -
Cassini orbiter
It was the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn and it also was the first to sample an extraterrestrial ocean. It also landed in the outer solar system. Because of Cassini orbiter, astronomers were able to find out more advanced information about Saturn. It orbited Saturn from June 30, 2004, until September 15, 2017. -
Neil Armstrong
Armstrong was born 1930 and died 2012. He blasted off in Apollo 11, and 4 days later Armstrong was flying the Eagle lunar landing module. He stepped on the Moon July 20, 1969 at 10:56 pm. He was the first person to step foot on the Moon. -
John Glenn
John was born 1921 and died 2016. He was the first to orbit the Earth. His flight was launched February 20, 1962, and orbited the Earth 3 times after 4 hours 56 minutes, and he was 77 years old. -
Lunar Eclipse
The Lunar eclipse that is current was on January 19, 2019 around 9:30 in Pheonix, Arizona. A lunar eclipse is when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon all align, which means that the Moon is covered by the Earth’s shadow. A full lunar eclipse occurs approximately 2-4 times each year.
