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1521 BCE
Aztecs: Human Sacrifices
During the reign of The Aztec Civilization, the Aztecs would partake in human sacrifices. They would rip the hearts out of the chosen member, decapitate, and also skin them alive. This was done to repay their gods for the sacrifices they made when creating the world and Sun. The person being sacrificed tended to be a great warrior. Those who fought bravely or were very good looking. Children could also be used as a sacrificial offering. -
476
Rome: Fall of the Empire
There were numerous factors that went into the destruction of the Roman Empire. The biggest external factor being the many raids and invasions done against them by barbarians and other rival groups, the Germanic tribe, for example. There were also many internal factors that went in to the descension of the once great Roman Empire. Oppressive taxes, over dependence on slavery, and government corruption are just a few on the long list. -
1346
The Black Death: Rats & Fleas
The Black Death, a.k.a The Bubonic Plague, was a huge epidemic in the 14th century that is said to have wiped out 1/3 of Europe's population. The cause of the disease, which was not yet comprehensible at the time, was "Yersinia Pestis" a bacteria that infects a rat flea. This then infects the rat, squirrel, and rodents alike. Once a human is bit by a flea, they are now infected. The rapid spreading was caused by the coughs passed through the air. -
Period: Jan 1, 1400 to
Age Of Exploration
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1401
The Renaissance: Realism
The Renaissance Era, was when Europeans started learning and embracing ancient values of the Greeks and Romans. New views in politics, astronomy, and art. Realism, to make objects and people look more realistic. This done by studying anatomy, measuring proportions, and seeking ideal human form. -
Jun 7, 1494
Exploration: Treaty of Tordesillas
This treaty defined the division between Spain and Portugal. There was a lot of confusion about the new land that was being claimed. The division was executed by a line in the Atlantic Ocean. East of the line was Portugal land. All that was west was land of the Spaniards. -
English Colonization: Roanoke
The Roanoke Colony, was the first English settlement in the New World. The group was lead by John White. As supplies were low, the decision for White to go back to Spain and restock. He was then held back for 3 years because of a war that came up in Spain. On return, the colonist had disappeared. The only thing left behind was the word "CROATOAN" carved on a tree. -
Issues: Conflicts with natives
The English felt that they were superior to the Natives, and that the Natives were "wild savages". So, the English did not want to mix with them. As the English took land from the natives, tension between the 2 groups increased. For the natives believed that no one owned the land, while the England was claiming land for themselves. Creating all kinds of conflicts and problems. -
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English Colonial Societies
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New France: Fur Trading
French colonist had a high demand for beaver pelts and other fur felts. This was mainly located in Canada. Natives soon began to be a huge part of this trade. Where the French would trade alcohol and guns in exchange for fur. -
Chesapeake Colonies: Slaves
The first slaves in the Chesapeake Colonies, was in Jamestown, Virginia. The ship carried twenty men from Africa who were brought to America with the intentions of replacing the weakened European labor force. The slaves were first equal to the indentured servants, but this soon changed as the servants were overseeing the slaves at work. The work was based on the growing of tobacco, the cash crop of Jamestown. -
Plymouth Colony
The Plymouth Colony was inhabited by Puritans, a.k.a. Pilgrims, who left England to worship as they believed right. The Puritans wanted to "purify" the Church of England. They sailed to America upon the Mayflower. The Mayflower Compact, which is one of the most important American historical documents was written in the ship before they landed in New England. This is because the document contained the idea of governing by consent, instead of by monarchy. -
Colonial Economies: Lower South
The Lower South's economy was solely based on agriculture and farming. This is because the land was very fertile and workable. The main cash crops for the south was tobacco, cotton, and indigo. The great land is why slaves were used mainly in the south. They were used to plant and pick the fields. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an ear where Science and Technology evolved. It was a philosophical movement that encouraged the use of rationality. It started in England and flourished to America. Literature, art, and religion all changed. This is where we the popular philosophers are from. Sir Issac Newton, John Locke, and Benjamin Franklin. -
New England Colonies: Caribbean Colonies
Barbados and Jamaica are the 2 main Caribbean Colonies. Spain, France, and Holland all fought for the Caribbean Colonies. The cash crop of the location was sugar . The Europeans used African slaves because they were cheap and forced them to work in harsh conditions that whites did not want to do. Though the whites were in control, they were a minority in this area. Slaves had NO rights. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts were laws that regulate trade between England and its colonies. It stated that only English ships can carry goods from colonies to other places. Also that colonies must ship certain goods to England for processing and distribution. The acts were passed in the 1650's by the English Parliament. It regulated trade between England and its colonies. Its purpose was to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade. -
Quakers
The Quakers were a group of colonist who were very open minded and believed in equality for everyone.The Quakers mainly came to America for freedom of religion. Where they led simple lives, had loose religious practices, and were pacifists. Under the leadership of William Penn, the Quakers settled in Philadelphia, (PENN)sylvanina. -
Causes of Salem Witch Trails
The Salem Witch trails was a series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of young girls in Salem, Massachusetts, claimed to have been bewitched by some of the older women in the colony. Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor of Massachusetts. The society at the time was very superstitions because the Natives and the oncoming of the Glorious Revolution. -
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Colonial America to 1763
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The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a reaction to secularism. Many people were scared into becoming religious. The awakening emphasized human decision in matters of religion and morality. It respected each individual's feelings and emotions. Elite universities were founded during this era. Princeton, Brown, and Rutgers are all examples of universities that were created during the Great Awakening. Many preachers such as George Whitfield preached about choosing your own congregation for you spiritual needs. -
Slave Rebllion
The Stono Rebellion was the most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina.100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants were executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go. -
French and Indian War: George Washington's role
George Washington, who was sent by the governor of Virginia, was the general that led the militia to Ohio River Valley towards Fort Duquesne where he encountered French troops. They captured him, but he put up a fight and defeated the French. -
French and Indian War: Great Britan
The French and Indian War (Seven Years War) was a war fought between England and France for control of certain lands in North America.The border between French and British possessions was not well defined, and one disputed territory was the upper Ohio River valley. After battles with the French, The British prevailed and won. Leading up to the Treaty of Paris 1763, where it states that the British gained Canada and other French territory. -
The Revolutionary War: Tea Boycotts
After the British won the French and Indian War, their economy took a beating. This led to the need for money. The English made a plan to put a tax on tea. The Tea Act was instated on the colonist. This granted a monopoly on tea sales. Colonist were not amused and so, they boycotted. An infamous event that occurred was the Boston Tea Party. Drunk Bostonians dressed up as Natives and dumped 340 barrels of tea into the harbor. -
Treaty of Paris - 1763
The Treaty of Paris 1763 was a document that ended the French and Indian Was a.k.a The Seven Years War. Since the English won,the treaty states that Britain will gain all of Canada and almost all of the modern United States east of the Mississippi. The French only maintained Haiti and small islands off of Canada. -
No Taxation without Represetation
After the French and Indian war, The British's ecomony was low, the imposed taxes upon the colonist, without asking the colonist. "No Taxation without Representation" as a cry used by the colonists to protest the Stamp Act of 1765. The colonists declared they had no one representing them in Parliament, so Parliament had no right to tax them. -
Lexington
The Battle of Lexington was an infamous battle between the Redcoats vs. militia. This battle happened because the colonists wanted a self government. As the British marched in to Concord, they were meet by a well trained militia. Its is always remembered by "Shoots heard all around the world" for how intense and serious the fighting between the colonist and English. -
Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine was a philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment. His works were admired then, and his influence is still prominent in today's society. His popular book Common Sense really inspired the colonist. Paine had the radical idea that the colonies should set up America as an independent, democratic, republic away from England. -
Battle of Saratoga
The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain -
Massachusetts Constitution
The constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, was the fundamental political document of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The General Court of Massachusetts (or Massachusetts Legislature) consists of the House of Representatives and Senate. This body is responsible for law making in Massachusetts. -
Articles of Confederation: Problems
In the Articles of Confederations, there wasn't a strong executive branch to enforce the laws, or a national court system interpret the laws. A legislature congress was the main organ of the national Government, but its influence was also weak at enforcing the rules upon the states and they could't get anything done. There was no central government. Soldiers were told they would receive pensions, but they AOC couldn't enforce taxes, so they soldiers didn't get them. -
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The Constitution
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Treaty of Paris - 1783
The Treaty of Paris 1788, was the treaty that allowed America to become independent from Britain. The treaty had also said that any loyalist who had land was to be taken away and returned to the United States. The U.S. Could now have its own government and laws. The new nation began to expand and the British promised to remove all British troops. Great Britain respected the U.S. Enough to let them fish in waters off of Canada. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion was a movement for the constitution. It was an armed uprising in Massachusetts. The conflict caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working. The rebellion led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes. -
The Great Debate
The transaction from the Articles of Confederation, to the Constitution was not a easy transition. Fixing the issues and weaknesses of the AOC required a list of long debates, during and after the convention in Philadelphia. 55 delegates met at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 to determine the best ways to adjust the existing documents. Some of those delegates are the Founding Fathers of America. -
The Three Branches
In the Constitution, the establishment of 3 government branches was written. A Legislative Branch, which make the laws of the country. It is a 2 house legislature, with the senate and the House of Representatives. There is an Executive Branch, whose purpose is to enforce the laws made by the legislature. And the last branch, is the Judicial Branch. Their job is to interpret the laws. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan was presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population. The Virginia Plan favored the large states, which would have a much greater voice. In opposition, the small states proposed the New Jersey Plan. In the end, the two sides found common ground through the Connecticut Compromise. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Confederation Congress had to decide how to organize the western lands that it controlled. So the Northwest Ordinance was passed, to make sure that the land in the Northwest territory was settled in a peaceful and orderly way. It established the pattern of how the rest of the West would be settled. The rules was that when there were 60,000 people in the territory, they could apply to Congress to become a state. -
Period: to
New Republic
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Election of 1788
The United States presidential election of 1788, was the first quadrennial presidential election. It was conducted under the new United States Constitution, which had been ratified earlier in 1788. George Washington won unanimously in the Electoral College and John Adams was elected VP. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights was written by James Madison, an Anti-Federalist, in 1789. It is the first 10 amendments in the United States Constitution. The Bill guarantees the rights of personal freedoms and directly declares that all power not specifically delegated to congress by the Constitution, can be decided by the states or people individually. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion is an important moment in history, because this was the first event that tested the new government (The Constitution). After a tax in liquor was imposed on the states, there was a protest from the farmers of America. 6,000 threatened to attack Pittsburg, but George Washington, the president of the time, stopped the mob and enforced the new laws. -
The First Bank of the United States
The First Bank of the United States was a central bank, chartered for a term of twenty years, by the United States Congress. Championed by Alexander Hamilton with the support of George Washington. He believed a central bank was necessary to stabilize and improve the nation's credit, and to improve handling of the financial business of the United States government under the new Constitution. -
Cotton Gin
The Cotton Gin was invented by Eli Whitney, in 1793.The cotton gin was used to quickly separate the seeds from the cotton ball, it could do the work of several men. Southern plantations needed more laborers in the fields and this caused an illegal slave trade to develop because slave trade was outlawed in the U.S. in 1808. -
Pinckney's Treaty
Pinckey's treaty is a treaty between the U.S. and Spain, written by San Lorenzo, which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans. The United States could navigate Mississippi, use the ports of New Orleans, and it established the boundary of Florida. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
After the XYZ Affair, when the French asked Adams to apologize and give them $10 million, on the account of the limited trade between them because of Jay's Treaty, the congress made the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Alien Act made it more difficult to become a citizen and deporting people(mainly French) increased. While the Sedition Act prohibited Americans from saying negative things about the U.S. or the president. -
Election of 1800: Thomas Jefferson
After the XYZ Affair, Adams lost some of his followers. The division between the federalist gave Thomas Jefferson the Democrat runner up for the election, an advantage. Jefferson tied with another federalist, Aaron Burr, but James Hamilton made sure that the House of Reps. voted for Jefferson. -
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Age of Jefferson
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Marbury v. Madison
After Jefferson's refusal to deliver the commissions to the judges appointed by John Adams, Marbury sued James Madison, to gain his promised commission. The Supreme Court held that Madison need not deliver the commissions because the Congressional act that had created the new judgeships violated the judiciary provisions of the Constitution, and was therefore unconstitutional and void. -
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson purchased the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from Napoleon for $15 million(3 cents an acre). Jefferson was interested in the territory because it would give the U.S. the Mississippi River and New Orleans. He bought it hastily because he didn't want Napoleon to sell it some else, and the price was cheap.The Constitution did not give the federal government the power to buy land, so Jefferson used loose construction to justify the purchase. -
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Meriwether Lewis was commissioned by Jefferson, to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Lewis brought along his fellow army buddy William Clark to join him. On their journey, they mapped their route, wrote journals logging about their sights, the new species of animals and plants. They also made allies with Native people. Sacajawea helped them along their journey to the Great Divide. -
War of 1812
The war of 1812, was a war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressments of American sailors by the British. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the future president at the time. The war ended with The Treaty of Ghent, but Jackson and his troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed -
Batle of New Orleans
The last battle of the War of 1812. When a large British invasion force was repelled by Andrew Jackson's troops at New Orleans. About 2500 British soldiers were killed or captured, while in the American army only 8 men were killed. Neither side knew that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the War of 1812 two weeks before the battle. This made Jackson even more popular then before. -
Changes in Transportation
Transportation during the IR increased drastically. Modern paved roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads were main ways of transportation. It made exporting and importing good faster and cheaper. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Greek Revival
Greek Revival in America started during the peaceful Feel Good Era. It was the first truly national style in the United States, found in all regions of the country. The popularity of the style was due to strong associations with classical tradition and democracy. The Greek Revival was very easy to adapt to, and permeated all levels of building, from high to low. -
panic of 1819
After the War of 1812, America's economy went into a deep depression. During president James Moore, the Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the United States. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. It marked the end of the economic expansion that had followed the War of 1812. -
Waltham System
The Lowell-Waltham System was developed in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1820s. These factories used as much machinery as possible, so that few skilled workers were needed in the production process. The workers were almost all young single farm woman. The women earned more, but they work conditions were bad, and the hours were long. -
Slums
The slums during the IR was caused by the rapid population growth in the cities. The incoming of people was because of the better standard of living and better jobs for working class. The slums were crowded, dirty, and polluted. -
Missouri compromise
As Missouri applies to become a state, they apply to be a allowing of slaves. The north did not like the idea of them becoming a slave state because then the number of free states would be less. So the Missouri Compromise was made to balance between slave and free states. 36*30* latitude was a line used to determine whether a state would be free or slave. Above states were free and below the lines were slaves. -
Temperance Movement
Before the Temperance Movement occured, drinking hard liquor was really common. But men would become drunkards and get drunk everyday. They would neglect their families and waste money on alcohol. The would also become abusive and shows bad mannerisms. The Temperance Movement was a reformation that begun in the 1800's that fought to ban alcohol in the U.S. This movement led to the passage of the 18th Amendment in 1920. -
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Age of Jackson
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Cultural Changes
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Corrupt Bargain
After John Quincy Adams won the election of 1824, Andrew Jackson became bitter thinking that there had been an alleged deal between presidential candidates John Q. Adams and Henry Clay to throw the election, to be decided by the house of representatives, in Adam's favor. Though never proven, the accusation became the rallying cry for Jackson supporters, who had been majority of the popular vote. -
Parks
During the Era of Good Feelings, There was a period of peace and prosperity after the war of 1812,only one political party and increased sense of nationalism. Nature and architecture change during the time. Parks were created to feel closer to nature and was seen as a getaway from their fast paced lives. -
Election if 1828: New Strategy
After Jackson initial lost the election of 1824 he thought of a new strategy. He used his humble origin (common man), military career, and democratic values (everyone should vote). He also used personal attacks on Adams, calling him a womanizer and talking about Adam's wife Rachael. This new strategy causes Jackson to win OVERWHELMINGLY. -
Inauguration Party
The inauguration of Andrew Jackson was crowded by more than 10,000 people. It was described as a celebration turned into a riot. The people were so excited because this allowed the common man to vote. Where as it used to be just the rich and well-born. Poor people were allowed to vote because of the movement westward with new laws and the foundation of democracy. Everyone that was moving west whether rich and poor believed in the same things and wanted the same rights. -
Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith, the leader of Mormons was a man who was really hated by Christians. This is because Mormons believed differently from them. Mormons allowed polygamy, multiple marriages. Mormons were victims of persecution and moved mid-west. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turner was a Priest for slaves. One day, Nat Turner saw a "vision" and attacked whites in Southampton County, Virginia. Turner along with 70 other slaves killed about 55 whites.Turner was then caught and executed, while hundreds of slaves were punished. This event did gain lots of support from the north and was seen as heroic, but after the rebellion slave codes and restrictions were placed upon all blacks. -
Defending the Bank
Andrew Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States, and he thought that the Bank benefited rich and not the common man. Henry Clay pushed the charter four years early, in hopes to defeat Jackson in the presidential race. Clay used this tactic to make Jackson lose votes, but Jackson vetoed the recharter bill. Jackson was reelected, and removed all federal deposits from the Bank and put the money in state banks in order to end the Bank of the United States. -
Martin Van "Ruin"
Martin Van Buren got the nickname "Van Ruin" because he was president during the Panic of 1837. However, Jackson is to blame for the Panic of 1837 because he got rid of the National Bank and passed the specie circular. -
Iron Plow
The Iron Plow was created by John Deere. It was used to help farmers plow larger areas of land. -
Trail of Tears
During Andrew Jackson's presidency, Natives went to court and sued for their land back. After the natives won, Jackson a clear racist, refused to enforce the decision. Then he forced them to leave the land. The relocation of Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole and Choctaw from the southeastern parts of the US killed thousands of the Natives, and The Trail of Tears is usually called a genocide. -
Abolishionist
During this era, Abolitionist were abundant in the south. There were 2 groups of abolitionist at the time. Gradualism: where abolitionist would free slave to Africa gradually. Liberia is a prime example of the Blacks who made it back. Liberia=liberation. The second group was Immediatism: they wanted slavery to end immediately. -
Election of 1840
Van Buren ran against William Henry Harrison(whigs) in the election of 1840. Whigs spreads rumors about Buren saying he is a sexual pervert. This gains Harrison support from women, who would the influence their husbands to vote for him instead of Buren. Harrison wins, but died soon after of Pneumonia. His VP John Tyler then becomes president. -
Second Great Awakening: Asylums
The mentally ill were originally placed in the same prisons and penitentiary as normal criminals, but as time went on and their actions were different from the other prisoners they got their own prisons. The asylums focused on rehabilitation instead of confinement like general prisons. Dorothea Dix advocated for the mentally ill and took over the asylum reform movement. -
Antonio Lopez De Santa Ana
During the Mexican-American war, Santa Ana was the dictator of Mexico. He was a political opportunist and general who served as president of Mexico eleven different times and commanded the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution in the 1830s and the war with the United States in the 1840s. He was defeated when he decided to take a siesta(nap) and lose the battle. -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulyssess S. Grant became the first president after the Civil War. He was previously a Union General who defeated General Lee at Appomattox Court House, which ended the Civil War. During his presidency several scams passed through Congress. And the Panic of 1873 (over speculation) came about in his reign. -
Manifest Destiney
Manifest Destiny was the belief that America was meant to be from the west coast to the east coast, 'from sea to shining sea" that the U.S. should own all territory between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. James K. Polk dedicated his presidential election on achieving Manifest Destiny. Which he did in 1848, after the annexation of Texas and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. -
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Westward Expansion
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Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto was the turning point in the Mexican-American war. It began with a surprise attack by Texas forces on Santa Ana's camp on April 21, 1836. Santa Ana's men were surprised and overrun in twenty minutes. This due to Santa Ana letting him and his men take a siesta(nap). Santa Ana was taken prisoner and signed an armistice securing Texas independence. The battle ended with 1,500 dead Mexicans and 4 dead Texans. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Provisio was created by PA Congressman David Wilmot. He proposed that a bill be amended to forbid slavery in any of the new territories taken from Mexico. The bill passed the House of Representatives twice but failed to pass Senate. However, it did transform the debate of slavery, and that is why this is such an important document. -
California Gold Rush
The Gold Rush first started in 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. These early gold-seekers, called "forty-niners," traveled to California by sailing boat and in covered wagons across the continent, often facing substantial hardships on the trip. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American war in 1848. It added 500,000 square miles of land from Mexico to United States ownership. This area makes up what is now Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. This was a huge feat for american on their quest for Manifest Destiny. It also settled the land disputes between both the countries. -
Seneca Falls Convention
Elizabeth Stanton along with Lucretia Mott, in 1848, had the Seneca Falls Convention Women's Rights Convention. Which was held in Seneca Falls, New York. 300 Women and 40 men went to the second day to discuss the rights of women. They wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote. -
Election of 1848
The election of 1848 had the 3 candidates Zachary Taylor, Martin Van Buren, and Lewis Cass. Zachary Taylor, the winner of the election, was honest and ignorant. He became popular because he was the hero of Mexican War. The north voted for him because he was a whig, while the south voted for him because he owned many slaves. The other candidate was Martin Van Buren. He was apart of The Free Soil Party who made slavery an issue. The last candidate was Lewis Cass, father of popular sovereignty. -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was a slave who risked her life to help other slaves gain freedom by taking leading them on the Underground Railroad. She was a United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North. During the Civil War she was a spy and nurse for the union. She is a brave soul and made at least 19 trips on the Underground Railroad and saved over 300 slaves to freedom. -
Industrial Revolution: Immigration
Immigration during the Industrial Revolution, played a big role in the population boom. Immigrants came from all parts of Europe. The Irish came because of a potato famine during these times, the lack of food was a push factor for them to immigrate to America. Germans came to America to escape political turmoil and poor harvest. And the British and Scandinavians came to the U.S. for better economic opportunities. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was 5 separate bills. The Fugitive slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington D. C was banned. California was entered as a free state and a territorial government was created in Utah. It called for the admission of California as a free state, it strengthen the Fugitive Slave Act Law, and popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico concerning the question of slavery. -
Industrial Revolution: Slums
After the rapid urbanization from the IR, many people moved to the cities for better job opportunities.With the population boom, there wasn't enough time to make homes for all the new families. This created the first slums. The got really big in the 1850's. The neighborhoods were segregated by race and religions and sprawled all over the north. They tended to be filthy areas in cities composed of tenements and poor workers. -
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Sectionalism
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Secession of Southern States
During the early stages of Civil War the South would say threats about leaving the US. But after Lincoln's election in 1860, South Carolina could't bare the thought and seceded from the Union. This is because they thought Lincoln would abolish slavery, and wanted more power to states rights. Other states such as North Carolina, Alabama, Texas, Tennessee, and a few others decided to leave as wll. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe an abolitionist in the sectionalism times, is the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin. It was published in 1852 and helped the anti- slavery movement. The book is about the fugitive slave laws and intensified the feelings of the abolitionist in the North. It increased the number of abolitionist in the North, and made whites more sympathetic to the south. -
Lincolon-Douglas Debates
During the race to become Senator Lincoln asked to have multiple debates with Douglas. Certain topics of these debates were slavery, how to deal with slavery, and where slavery should be allowed. Although Lincoln lost the election to Douglas, he was known throughout the country because of the debates. These debates became famous around the world. In the debate world, there is an event called LD debates (Lincoln-Douglas debates) and the resolve is usually based in values, logic, and philosophy. -
Industrial Revolution: Yeoman Farmers
The Yeoman Farmers were a group of small landowners (the majority of white families in the south) who farmed their own land and usually did not own slaves. Some relied in planters, while some resented them. They were 2nd class citizens who were above slaves. Many of them formed militias that caught runaway slaves and guarded slave rebellions. -
Election of 1860
The candidates for the election of 1860 were Abraham Lincoln, John Bell, Stephen Douglas and John C. Breckinridge. The Democrat party was divided between the North and South due to the controversy of pro-slavery and anti- slavery. So Beckinrodge and Douglas were at a loss. Lincoln a republican won. His election was the flames that ignited the secession of the southern states and created a more tension between the North and the South. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a secret network organized by people who helped blacks escape slavery to freedom. It operated before the Civil War. There was a series of houses and shelters made to help when they were on the run. Harriet Tubman, a slaves, helped lead slaves on there way to freedom. -
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The Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was written by Thomas Jefferson in 1862 after the Battle of Gettysburg. It declared slaves in all confederate territories free. It did not free many slaves though because they were on confederate land, and the union had trouble freeing them. The law also said that northern slaves were not free. Lincoln didn't want to free all slaves because he didn't have the constitutional power to do so. This weakened the south and made the civil was into a war of liberation. -
Battles of Vicksburg
During the Civil War, the Union decided to takes Vicksburg, Mississippi from the Confederate, which was east of the Mississippi River. The importance of this battle was that the capture of Vicksburg divided the confederacy and proved the military Union general Ulysses S. Grant was great. -
Ford's Theater
The Ford's Theater was the place Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. He was popped in the back of his head by a popular American actor at the time, John Wilkes Booth. The theater was built in the year of 1863 during the Civil war times. John Wilkes Booth, Abe Lincoln, his wife Mary Lincoln, and a few others were in the presidential box with them when the murder occurred. -
Lincoln's 10's Plan
The ten percent plan was a proclamation issued on December 8, 1853. Abraham Lincoln was the president that made it. It stated that Lincoln would pardon and restore all those that swore loyalty to the Union with and oath except officials and generals. It also stated that when the number of white loyalist reached 10 percent of the population when voting, that they could become a state and create a new government. -
Election of 1864
The election of 1864 was between Abraham Lincoln and McClellan. Lincoln wants to unite North and South, but McClellan wants war to end if he's elected. The citizens of North are sick of war so many vote for McClellan, but Lincoln wins. Though this point in time was mostly about Lincoln and his death. -
Freedman's Bureau
The Freedman's Bureau was an Agency established in 1865 to aid former slaves in their transition to freedom, especially by administering relief and sponsoring education. The congress passed it to help newly freed African Americans find jobs, homes educations, and be greater life. The social policy was meant to mean that equal treatment would be there between blacks and whites, but this was not the case at all. -
John Wilkes Booth
John Wilkes Booth was an actor and southerner sympathizer, who on April 14, 1865, five days after Lee's surrender, fatally shot president Lincoln at Ford's theater in Washington. He was a confederate supporter and was outraged by the defeat of the south in the Civil War. He murdered Lincoln with message of "Sic semper tyrannis!" (ever thus to tyrants!) The south is avenged. -
13th Amendament
The 13th Amendment was the abolition of slavery. Slavery is not allowed in any state or territory under the government of the U.S.A. Slaves were now free. They could go out and do whatever they want. This is what they thought, but what actually happened wasn't good at all. Though slavery was now not allowed. Racism and ignorance ran wild in America. Hate groups, Jim crow laws, and whites all rained down on the free blacks parade. -
KKK
The Ku Klux Klan was a secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes. The KKK has a record of terrorism,[2] violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions. -
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Panic of 1873
During Grants presidency, the American economy stated to plum-it. This was caused by too many railroads and factories being formed than existing markets could bear and the over-loaning by banks to those projects; main causes, over-speculation and too much credit. This all happened post Reconstruction, and is the main reason why the Reconstruction Era ended. This also put African Americans on the back burner, as people were more focused on ways to support their families and earn money for food. -
Hoped to gain British ally
Before the Civil War, the south had the largest cotton production in the world. They would export their cotton to the British, making them cordial. During the Civil War, before the Emancipation Proclamation, the British allied with the south on the account of thinking the war was about sectionalism, not slavery. But After Lincoln changed the course of the war, making it obvious that it was about slavery. The British backed off because they did not support slavery and had already abolished it. -
The New South: Propaganda
After the Civil War, some confederates were disappointed at the lose of the war. They opted to alter the history and try to salvage their prides. The southerners supported building a more diversified Southern economy; championed the expansion of Southern industry; supported return of White conservatives to power; withdrawal of federal troops and rise of KKK and lynching. They made songs, statues, and poems to uplift their sad spirits.
