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Period: 1400 BCE to 800 BCE
Origins
From the borning of music to the ancient Greece.
It was very linked to religious acts in the great civilisations of Egyptians and Mesopotamians. -
Period: 800 BCE to 146 BCE
Greek Precedents
Throughout this perdiod, the music had a very important development. During this time appeared the firsts musical theatrical performances (that are like the great-grandfather of the opera). -
100
The Seikilos Epithaph
It was a column that above it had the first musical score of the history. It was from the year 100 anno Domini. -
Period: 476 to 1492
Middle Ages
The music was linked to religion more than never, the music was performed by the clergy inside the monasteries. At this time was invented the musical notation. -
680
Gregorian Chant
Was a monodic chant invented to teach the word of God. It was religious so was written in latin and was in a capella.It had three types:
Syllabic: one note per syllable.
Neumatic: based on groups of notes ranging from 2 to 4.
Mellismatic: You say one syllable using different notes. -
700
Neumatic Musical Notation
The first type of musical notation was the neumes, curved and straight lines that showed us the melodical design of the composition. -
1000
Guido D´Arezzo
He established a name for each musical note based on the first syllable of each vers of the hymn dedicated to Saint Jhon the Baptist. -
Period: 1170 to 1310
Ars Antiqua
Was the musical period at the end of the Middle Ages. Their forms were the organum, the conductus and the motet. Their main composers were Leonin and Perotin. -
1179
Hildegard von Bingen
Considered one of the most influential, multifaceted and fascinating personalities of the Late Middle Ages, committed to the Gregorian reform as she was one of the most productive writers of her time. -
1190
Bernart de Ventadorn
He was a popular Provençal troubadour, composer and poet. He is probably one of the troubadours of the Middle Ages. -
1200
Perotin
Was a medieval French composer. He is considered the most important composer of the School of Notre Dame de Paris, where the polyphonic style began to develop. -
1200
Leonin
Together with Perotin, the first known composer of polyphonic organum, related to the School of Notre Dame. French composer, poet and teacher. -
1220
Alfonso X el Sabio
He was the king of the Crown of Castile and also a troubadour in all his facets, because he was in charge of both the production of texts and his music. Of his activity as a troubadour, 44 secular songs remain, 423 religious songs. -
Period: 1320 to 1380
Ars Nova
It was a period of great musical development. During it, society began a slow process of secularisation. The most commonly used form were the motet, other forms are the canon, the ballad or the chanson. -
1377
Guillaume de Machaut
He was a medieval French clergyman, poet and composer. He is the greatest representative of Ars Nova and is considered the most famous composer of the 14th century. -
1397
Francesco Landini
He was one of the most famous and admired composers of the second half of the 14th century and without a doubt the most famous composer in Italy at this time. -
Period: 1399 to
Humanism
Movement that had the idea that the human was the centre of the universe. -
1400
Johannes Gutenberg
Was a German goldsmith, inventor of the modern printing press with movable type in 1455. -
Period: 1400 to 1527
Rennaissance
Very important period for the music evolution that wanted to reborn the ancient Roman and Greek culture. -
1468
Juan de la Encina
He was a poet, musician and playwright of the Spanish Renaissance during the time of the Catholic Monarchs. He achieved great lyrical heights in his glosses and carols, which are credited with his invention. As a playwright, he is considered the founder and patriarch of Spanish theatre. -
1483
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a theologian, philosopher and Augustinian Catholic friar who began and promoted the Protestant Reformation in Germany and whose teachings inspired the theological and cultural doctrine called Lutheranism. -
1500
Cristóbal de Morales
Was a Spanish Catholic priest and chapel master who was the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonic school and one of the three greats of Spanish polyphonic composition in the Renaissance. He is probably the best Spanish composer of the first half of the 16th century. -
1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Was a Spanish organist, harpist and composer of the Renaissance. He was blinded as a child, an adverse circumstance that did not prevent him from pursuing a brilliant musical career. A plaque in the main square of his home town is dedicated to him -
1525
Giovanni Perluigi da Palestrina
Was an Italian Renaissance composer of
sacred music and the best-known representative of the Roman School of musical
composition in the 16th century. His work is considered the culmination of Renaissance
polyphony. -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
Was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance. Along with Palestrina and Victoria, he is considered one of the most influential
composers of the 16th century. He was one of the most prolific, versatile and universal composers of the late Renaissance. He wrote more than 2233 compositions, in every genre known at the time. -
1533
Andrea Gabrieli
Uncle of perhaps the most famous composer Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers. He was highly influential in the dissemination of the Venetian style in both Italy and Germany. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
She was the first female composer to have an entire volume of her music printed and published exclusively in the history of Western music. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Was a Catholic priest, chapel master and celebrated polyphonic composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most important and advanced composers of his time, with an innovative style that heralded the imminent Baroque. His influence continues into the 20th century. -
1557
Giovanni Gabrieli
He was an Italian composer and organist, born and died in Venice. One of the most influential musicians of his time, he represents the culmination of the Venetian school, framing the transition from Renaissance music to Baroque music. -
1566
Carlo Gesualdo
He was an Italian composer, one of the most significant figures of late Renaissance music. The most famous event of his life was the murder of his first wife and her lover when he found them "in flagrante delicto". Forgotten over time, he was rediscovered in the 20th century due to the fascination with his extraordinary music and his shocking personal deeds. -
1566
Claudio Monteverdi
Was an Italian composer, viola da gamba player, singer, choir director and priest. He composed both secular and sacred music and marked the transition between the polyphonic and madrigal tradition of the 16th century and the birth of lyric drama and opera in the 17th century. He is a crucial figure in the transition between Renaissance and Baroque music. -
Period: to
Barroque
The Baroque was a period in the history of Western culture that originated as a result of a new way of conceiving art the "Baroque style" and which, starting from different historical and cultural contexts, produced works in numerous artistic fields: literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, music, opera, dance, theatre, etc. It manifested itself mainly in Western Europe, although due to colonialism it also occurred in numerous colonies of the European powers, mainly in Latin America. -
Giacomo Carissimi
Was one of the most eminent Italian composers of the early Baroque period and one of the leading representatives of the Roman School. Elected pontifical chapel master in 1649, he introduced the accompaniment of instrumental music in churches and was the first to introduce the cantata with religious themes. -
Barbara Strozzi
Was an Italian Baroque singer and composer. She published eight volumes of her own music and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the time. She achieved this without any support from the Catholic Church and without the constant patronage of the nobility. -
Henry Purcel
Was an English Baroque composer. Considered one of the greatest English composers of all time,2 he incorporated French and Italian stylistic elements into his music, creating a unique English style of Baroque music. -
Antonio Vivaldi
Was a Venetian Baroque composer, violinist, impresario, teacher and Catholic priest. He is considered one of the greatest Baroque composers, and his influence spread throughout Europe during his lifetime and was instrumental in the development of Johann Sebastian Bach's instrumental music. -
Georg Philipp Telemann
He was a German Baroque composer. He is considered the most prolific composer in the history of music. He was a contemporary of Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Friedrich Händel. He described his first lessons with clairvoyance and good critical judgment, making clear his innovative position regarding the music of that time. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
Was a German Baroque composer, musician, conductor, choirmaster, cantor and teacher, the most important member of one of the most prominent families of musicians in history, the Bach family. -
Georg Friedrich Händel
Was a German composer, later naturalised English, considered one of the leading figures in the history of music, especially Baroque music, and one of the most influential composers of Western and world music. -
Stradivarius
A Stradivarius violin is one of the stringed instruments made by members of the Italian Stradivari family, most notably by Antonio Stradivari. Stradivarius instruments are highly prized by the world's leading players and antique collectors. The individual and sonic characteristics of these works of art are considered unique, and the instruments are often identified by the name of someone, usually a famous musician who owned them or simply played them at some point.