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Alexander Kapp Introduces "Andragogy"
Alexander Kapp, a German educator, first uses the term "andragogy" to refer to adult education, emphasizing the concept of lifelong learning and self-directed [Timetoast](tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02601370.2017.13638260) -
John Dewey's Philosophy of Education
Dewey publishes his work on experiential learning and democracy in education, laying the groundwork for progressive education methods that focus on active learning and critical thinking Timetoast -
Eugen Rosenstock- Huessy and Andragogy
After World War I, Rosenstock-Huessy discusses andragogy as a means to reform adult education, emphasizing a community-focused, dialogic approach. Timetoast -
Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Vygotsky argues that knowledge is constructed through interaction with others, influencing pedagogical methods. Timetoast -
Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Piaget outlines stages of child development, showing how children build knowledge actively through exploration. His theories revolutionized pedagogical methods. Timetoast -
Carl Rogers and Student-Centered Learning
Carl Rogers publishes his ideas on humanistic education, highlighting the importance of empathy and the teacher-learner relationship, which have influenced both pedagogy and andragogy. Timetoast -
J.A. Simpson’s Formalization of Andragogy
J.A. Simpson describes andragogy as a structured field for adult learning, emphasizing adult-specific educational psychology. Timetoast -
Malcolm Knowles Popularizes Andragogy
Knowles defines and popularizes andragogy, presenting a model that outlines the unique needs of adult learners, such as self-direction and experiential learning. Timetoast -
Jack Mezirow’s Transformative Learning Theory:
Mezirow introduces transformative learning, emphasizing critical reflection and perspective shifts as key to adult education. This theory complements andragogical practices. Timetoast -
Peter Jarvis Critiques Andragogy
Peter Jarvis critiques andragogy, suggesting that it lacks sufficient empirical support and should be part of a broader educational theory. His critique sparked ongoing debate. Timetoast