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The roots of critical criminology can be traced to the social philosopher Karl Marx, who identified the economic structure sin society that control all human relations.
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Karl Marx introduced Communist Manifesto to describe labor conditions during the rise of industrial capitalism
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Robert Park call for anthropological methods of description and observation to be applied to urban life.
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The Chicago School as known as the Ecological School was the first major body of works emerging, specializing in urban sociology and combining theory and ethnographic field work. Research by Albion Small and urban sociologist such as W.I. Thomas, Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, and Louis Wirth seek knowledge into the social ecology of the city.
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Albert Cohen first articulated the theory of the delinquent sub-cultures in his classic book, Delinquent Boys
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The birth of Critical Criminology
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Sociologist Oscar Lewis argued that the crushing lifestyle of lower-class areas produce a culture of poverty, which is passed from one generation to the next.
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Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal described a worldwide underclass that was cut off from society, its members lacking the education an skills needed to be effectively in demand in modern society .
