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2250 BCE
The description of Egyptian houses.
The earliest buildings of the Egyptians were pretty simple and straightforward. The walls were made of stems of papyrus, tied together with ropes.
Later the ancient Egyptians began to use more durable materials — bricks-code of clay. They were made of a mixture of mud or plain land with water,sometimes they added chopped straw. -
2250 BCE
Rich houses in ancient Egypt.
Rich Egyptians had houses made of bricks, the stone could only be used in some of the finer finishes. To illuminate and ventilate the room there were small holes in the walls that were covered with curtains. The dwellings of the rich houses were plastered and decorated with frescoes, courtyards had pools and gardens. The internal space consisted of many rooms: reception rooms, bedrooms, washing rooms, restrooms, the women's room, storage rooms. -
2250 BCE
Poor houses in ancient Egypt.
The houses of the poor people in ancient Egypt differed little from each other, they were a solid structure in the form of blocks with small square windows. These homes were located very densely, forming streets with narrow passages.
The houses of the poor consisted of one or more through-rooms, the floor was earthen. In some of such buildings there were bedrooms, kitchen, pantry and cellar. -
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Jan 1, 1250
The description of the knight's castle.
The knight's castle looked like a protective stone structure composed of high multi-tiered tower. It was called the donjon and was home to the knight and his family. In the castle the family kept the products, the servants and the armed guard also lived in the castle. There was a prison, which contained the prisoners. In the basement there was a deep well. It was filled with ground water. Therefore, the inhabitants were not afraid to remain without water in case of prolonged siege. -
Jan 1, 1250
The knight's castle inside.
There were few windows in the castle, and they were all narrow. Instead of glass people used the gut of cows, bulls, buffalo. Even on a bright sunny day there was twilight. The castle had various staircases, corridors and passages.
In the rooms there were fireplaces. The floors were made of stone. They were covered with hay and straw. The furniture was wooden beds, benches, cabinets, tables and chests. On the walls were hunting trophies in the form of stuffed animals and weapons. -
Jan 1, 1250
The knight's castle. Some additional information.
Later, the knight's castle was built from bricks. So it became much warmer. The builders stopped making narrow windows. Sheet mica was replaced by colored glass. Walls and floors were covered with carpets. There was a carved wooden furniture and porcelain ware, imported from the East. The fortress turned into a tolerable place to stay.
Halls and corridors were lit with oil lamps or torches. A separate tower was intended for hay.In every castle had its own bakery. -
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The definition of the word "izba".
Izba is a peasant log house with with a Russian stove. The word "izba" was used only in relation to the house, chopped of wood and located in rural areas. Russian izba was made of pine, spruce, larch. Those trees were well formed in the shell, tightly adhering to each other, kept warm for a long time and did not rotten. Windows and doors were usually made of oak. -
The description of izba.
Izba consisted usually of two or three parts: the actual house and the passage linked together into a single unit under the common roof. The main part of the house was a heated living room of rectangular or square shape. "Seni" was a kind of an unheated hall that separated the living room from the street. Also izba had a small cold room, used primarily for house purposes. -
Russian izba inside.
In general, the peasant life was humble and rough. Above the windows tere were shelves on which beautiful dishes, boxes, etc. were placed. The wooden bed had beautiful carved backs, covered with a patchwork blankets with feather pillows. In almost every peasant izba chests for various purposes could be found. -
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The reason of building skyscrapers.
The concept of the skyscraper was first incarnated in Chicago in the second half of the 19th century. The city grew and developed into a huge commercial center. Population grew therefore, incredibly increased the value of land in the city. The main reason of building skyscapers is saving space and money. -
The distinguishing features of skyscrapers.
The emergence of new materials and technologies helped architects to realize their ideas. The important invention, without which would not be possible the existence of skyscrapers was the elevator. Another innovation — the introduction of ventilation and electric lighting helped to create a digestible climate inside a huge office building.The construction of skyscrapers in the US was one of the ways to update old and often abandoned areas of the city. The slums turned into business centers. -
The skyscrapers of the future.
Despite the fact that the skyscrapers are built on the same principle, they still reflect the national characteristics of the country they are built in. The use of biologically compatible technologies, the principles of naturalistic philosophy has a very popular tendency. The story of skyscrapers continues and it is impossible to predict skyscrapers of the future.
