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Chemical Tests
Researchers developed the first chemical tests to detect sugar in urine -
Glycogen to Diabetes
The first linking of glycogen to diabetes and metabolism. A doctor, Bernard, discovered that that the liver stored glycogen and secreted a sugary substance in the blood, the same sugar exhibited in the urine of diabetics. -
Langerhans Discovery
Langerhans, a medical student, discovers that there are specialized cells in the pancreas that produce the hormone insulin, otherwise known as islets. -
Diabetes in 1900
The tests: urine, which showed a high amount of grape-sugar.
The treatment: Akaline-sponge bath applied with vigorous friction. Prescribed sugar to restrict the flow of urine. Your diet should consist almost entirely of tender, fresh meats. Also, you will continue to be thirsty, but you must suppress this urge and drink very little. This is very important
The prognosis: Coma. We did all we could, but I'm afraid that it's just a matter of time before you pass away. -
Insulin
Insulin finally comes about from the so called “pancreatic substance.” -
Benedict's Solution
The Benedict's solution is invented and leads to a new more efficient way to test for sugar in the urine. This will lead to an easier diagnosis. -
Treatment: starvation
Severe Calorie Restriction Promoted to Treat Diabetes From 1915 until the introduction of insulin therapy, American physicians Frederick Allen and Elliott Joslin promoted “starvation dieting”—repeated fasting and prolonged undernutrition -
Insulin from Dog
Frederick Banting, MD, and his then student assistant, Charles Best, MD, extracted insulin from dog pancreases. They injected the insulin into dogs whose pancreases had been removed, and the animals’ blood sugar levels went down. James Collip purified the extract so that it could be used in humans. This is when insulin came about. -
Eli Lilly & Company
Eli Lilly and Company began to commercially produce and sell insulin. Years after, they developed a variety of slower-acting insulins. The first one was protamine insulin . -
American Diabetes Association & Insulin Syringe
The American Diabetes Association is founded to address the increasing incidence of diabetes and the complications that develop from the disease.
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Insulin syringe is invented which leads to more sustainable management of diabetes. Helen Free also developed the "dip-and-read" urine test which allowed instant monitoring of blood glucose levels. The life expectancy of people diagnosed with diabetes increased. -
Tablets
Tablets for Testing Urine Glucose Became Available. -
Diabetes in the 1950's
The tests that are performed to diagnose the disorder: Full exam, check eyes, carotid arteries and arteries in your feet, pulse, urine sample
The treatment given: Special Diet: stabilize blood sugar with insulin. Consume 80 grams of protein, 80 grams of fat, and 160 grams of carbohydrates. Stay away from alcohol, which is almost all carbohydrates
The prognosis: Can cut back on visits - diabetes should be under control -
Oral Medications
Sulfonylureas, oral medications that stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin, became available. -
Measuring Insulin in the Blood
Solmon Bearson and Rosalyn Yalow used radioimmunoassay technology to develop a method for measuring insulin in the blood. They noticed that some people with diabetes still make their own insulin, and they identify "insulin dependent" (type 1) and "non-insulin-dependent" (type 2) diabetes. -
Insulin Pumps
Insulin Pumps were invented - This development, and several others, provides patients with much greater control and flexibility in the management of their diabetes. -
Biosynthetic Human Insulin
In 1983 the first biosynthetic human insulin is introduced to the public. This caused a revolution due to the fact that we could now produce insulin in mas quantities due to recombinant DNA and DNA technologies. -
Diabetes in 1998
The tests: blood test and urinalysis, might indicate high levels of glucose or sugar. By checking the urinalysis you can see the amount of ketones.
The treatment given: Admitted to the ICU at the hospital immediately. Will administer insulin and fluids intravenously and they will be able to monitor your glucose, potassium, and electrolytes.
The prognosis: Glycohemoglobin is right where it should be, as is your blood sugar and urine microalbumin. Visit in 3 months. -
Diabetes Today
Insulin is still the primary therapy used to treat type 1 diabetes; other medications have since been developed to help control blood glucose levels. Diabetic patients can now test their blood sugar levels at home, and use dietary changes, regular exercise, insulin, and other medications to precisely control their blood glucose levels, thereby reducing their risk of health complications.
