Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment Timeline

By olivia.scott2

  • Diabetes recognition

    Diabetes recognition
    • Diabetes first recognized as a medical condition,diagnosed by detecting sugar in the urine
    • Treatment was limited to dietary changes
  • Period: to

    Years

  • 1900s diagnosis + treatment

    • Diagnosed by a urine test
    • Treatment- Alkaline sponge bath,no foods with sugar,suppress thirst and drink very little
    • Prognosis- Go into a coma and die

  • Cause of diabetes discovered

    Cause of diabetes discovered
    • Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer discovered that diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin
    • Animal-derived insulin extracts developed as the first treatment

  • Frederick Banting makes insulin discovery

    Frederick Banting makes insulin discovery
    Banting made the discovery of insulin by extracting substances through trials with dogs. He gave diabetic dogs islets material of Langerhans and their blood sugar levels decreased.

  • Insulin first used

    Insulin first used
    • Insulin first used to treat diabetes on humans which revolutionized diabetes management -Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old boy with Type - 1, was the first person to receive an injection of insulin.

  • Commercial insulin production

    Commercial insulin production
    Insulin started being commercially produced and was used in most western countries for diabetes treatment

  • ADA is founded

    ADA is founded
    The American Diabetes Assoction is founded to help the increasing diabetes rate and complications from the disease

  • Insulin Syringe

    Insulin Syringe
    Rechmiel Levine discovers that insulin works like a key,by transporting glucose into cells The Becton Dickinson & Company began the production of a standard insulin syringe,it was designed and approved by the American Diabetes Association (ADA)

  • 1950s diagnosis + treatment

    1950s diagnosis + treatment
    • Diagnosed - full physical exam ( check eyes,pulse/ arteries, with a urine test)
    • Treatment- a special diet,avoid alcohol, use insulin to stabilize blood sugar
    • Prognosis- diabetes is under control

  • Insulin measurement + Diabetes classafaction

    Insulin measurement + Diabetes classafaction
    • Solomon Berson MD and Rosalyn Yalow PhD developed a method to measure insulin levels using radioimmunoassay technology
    • Their research reveled that some people with diabetes still produce insulin
    • Observations allowed them to identify the two main types of diabetes : insulin-dependent (type 1 ) and non-insulin-dependent (type 2)

  • A1C

    A1C
    • The first insulin pumps were invented
    • Researches in Boston developed a test to measure glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)
    • This A1C test became the standard for long term management of diabetes

  • Advancements in insulin production & delivery

    Advancements in insulin production & delivery
    • Researches were able to genetically engineer E.coli bacteria to produce a human-identical insulin
    • Portable insulin pumps were introduced,allowing for normal blood glucose levels in patients
    • The large size of the pumps made them impractical for widespread use at the time

  • Human insulin approved

    Human insulin approved
    The FDA approved human insulin that's produced by genetically altered bacteria

  • 1990-present diagnosis + treatment

    • Diagnosis- Blood glucose test + urinalysis, physical test ( breathing and eyesight)
    • Treatment- ophthalmologist for eyes, daily insulin injections, monitor glucose levels
    • Prognosis- diabetes is under control