-
Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII and the break with Rome
In 1534, Henry VIII used Parliament to grant the Act of Supremacy, which allowed him to annul his marriage to Catherine as it made the monarch the head of the English Church. -
1517
The Ninety-Five Theses
The Ninety-Five Theses is a list of propositions written by Martin Luther. This text is at the origin of the Protestant Reformation in the Holy Roman Empire. -
1522
German translation of the Bible
Martin Luther translated the Bible in German (the New was first published in 1522 and was widely disseminated). -
1526
The Tyndale Bible
William Tyndale was the first man to ever print the New Testament in the English language. -
1534
Act of Supremacy
Act of Supremacy which founded the Anglican Church and made King Henry VIII the only leader and supreme head of the Church. -
Period: 1534 to
Early Modern Period
The Early Modern Period is characterized by significant societal changes, challenging traditional views of societies before industrial and democratic revolutions. -
Period: 1536 to 1541
Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries
Henry VIII decided that the monasteries were bastions of "popery". They were disbanded and the Crown appropriated their income and land. The dissolution of the monasteries was in effect a kind of nationalisation. -
Period: 1536 to 1537
The Pilgrimage of Grace
These were the greatest rebellions ever faced by a Tudor monarch. They lasted 6 months and were called the "Pilgrimage of Grace". -
1537
Permission given for an English Bible
In 1537, permission was given for an English Bible and not a Latin one. They were soon made mandatory in every church. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Treat
Council of Treat held in the Italian city of trent : the symbol of Counter Reformation. The Roman church attempted to correct some of the abuses of the church and harshly condemned protestant heresies. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI : the young king
Edward VI was King of England and Ireland from 1547 until his death. He was crowned in 1547 at the age of nine, making him one of the youngest English monarchs. -
1549
The Book of Common Prayer
Revision of the mass-book, led to the publication of the Book of Common Prayer in 1549. -
1553
Edward VI's death
Edward VI was 15 when he died from tuberculosis in 1553. By that time, the country was virtually bankrupt. -
1553
Mary I became the first Queen of England
Mary Tudor was the first woman to be crowned Queen of England in 1553. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I and the Catholic Restoration
In 1547, Protestantism is continued under Edward VI. After many years, in 1553, Queen Mary I reversed this decision when she restored Roman Catholicism as the state religion, and the Pope became head of the church once again. -
Period: 1555 to 1558
Bloody Mary period
Protestantism was confined to secrecy as heretics were burned between 1555 and 1558. -
1558
Mary I's death
Her death in 1558 was greeted as she had turned the nation against her. -
1559
The Act of Supremacy
This Act abolished the authority of the Pope, restored the authority of the Queen over the Church. Queen Elizabeth became " Supreme Governor of the Church of England". -
1559
The Act of Uniformity
Every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer and people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 articles of faith
Stated the doctrine (religious belief) of the Church. We have also 3 important changes : a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church, a new doctrine of Salvation. And finally, we have a new definition of sacraments and of the mass. -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
Rebellion against religious reforms. There is also an attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth by Mary, Queen of Scots. The revolt was led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland. -
1570
Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth
He almost giving Catholics licence to kill Queen Elizabeth I with the certainty that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome. -
1571
The 1571 Treasons Act
This Act made it treason for anyone to say that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales. -
1581
The 1581 Act
It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism. It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass. -
The Babington plot
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Mary Stuart and this group. -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Whilst this would remove the figurehead for Catholic challengers, it could also provoke international attacks and set a precedent for killing a queen. -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The defeat of the Spanish Armada saved England from invasion and the Dutch Republic from extinction, while dealing a heavy blow to the prestige of the greatest European power of the age. -
Speech to the troops at Tilbury
The queen made this speech in Tilbury, Essex, in order to rally the troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the Spanish Armada. -
Act of Union 1707
The Acts of Union 1707 were two Acts of Parliament.
The First Act was English, and the other was Scottish. They confirm the Treaty of Union of the two Kingdoms signed in 1706, leading to the birth of the United Kingdom. -
Act of Union 1801
This act will unite the United Kingdom and Ireland. This will therefore create the United Kingdom and Ireland.