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First scheduled trans-Atlantic service launched
the black ball line operated one of the first scheduled sail/steam powered packet ships. They offered a service between the ports of Liverpool, England and New York. -
P&O is Founded
in 1837 the company won a contract from the government to deliver mail to the Iberian Peninsula. -
Cunard line is founded
founded as the British and orthodox American Royal Mail Steam packet company in 1840. They serviced areas in the transatlantic, Mediterranean, Northern Europe, Caribbean and world cruises. Founded by Samuel Cunard, Sir George Burns and Robert Napier. -
Cows travel on board
Britannia, a cruise ship operated by Cunard left Liverpool with cows on board to provide a fresh supply of milk to passengers. -
P&O introduced first leisure cruises
PO introduced the first ever leisure cruise from the uk to the Mediterranean. These cruises are the starting point of modern day cruise holidays. (Customer type and demand) - these were originally aimed at those with high levels of wealth such as royalty, nobles and senior government/business officials. -
Firstcruise between New York and Europe
The Quaker City ship was the first cruise from New York to Europe -
First 100% steel structured ship
PO launched the ship Ravenna, which is the first to be constructed with a 100% steel superstructure.
(Technological development)- this marked the first time a ship had been designed using 100% steel which created a more solid structure compared to traditional wood. -
Electric lights
the first ship to have electric lights is launched called SS Valletta.
(Technological development) -
First ship exclusively for cruising launched
The first ship that was built exclusively for luxury cruising was called the Prinzessian Victoria Louise of Germany. It was launched in 1900 for Hamburg America line. -
Titanic sinks
The RMS Titanic was a British Ocean Liner. It sank in the early hours of the 15th April 1912 as a result of striking an ice burg on her maiden voyage from southamton to New York. 2,224 on board and approximately 1,500 people died. -
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Glamour of cruising
Between 1920 and 1940 it was considered the most glamorous for passengers seeking to cross the Atlantic. These ships were for the rich and famous and able to enjoy the luxurious on board surroundings. (Customers type demand)
(social economic charges) -
Cruise liners merge
White star line merge with their main rival Cunard line. The line would remain as a single company until 2005 when it was merged into carnival corporation and plc. Intergation -
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world war 2
many cruise ships were used to transport troops heading to war. Cruises and transatlantic sailing come to and abrupt end. Many ocean liners were destroyed during the war. -
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10 pound poms
over 1 million people paid a £10 cruise fare all the way to Australia. the majority of people travelled with PO and these passengers were referred to as ten pound poms.
(social and economic changes) -
Growth of air travel
large passenger jet aircraft’s were introduced, with travellers switching from ships to planes. This caused a rapid decline in passenger numbers. -
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increasing the appeal
cruise lines begin to focus on improving the passenger experience to attract more passengers. This includes large public ballrooms, public lounges, swimming pools, with some cruise lines also introducing on board ceremonies.
(Social and economic changes)
(Technological advances)
(Changes in customer type and demand) -
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growth of cruise lines
durig this perido several major cruise lines were founded including princess cruises (1965), Norgegian cruise line (1966 to be contjned -
love boat launches on TV
the love boat was launched in 1977 as a romantic comedy drama set on MS pacific princess. this was a big contributer to the increase in popularity of cruising.
(customer types demand) -
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more new cruise lines emerge
several new cruise lines were emerged including celebrity cruises (1989), disney cruise line (1995) regent seven sea (1990) and silversea (1994). this once again expanded the choice customers had when selecting a cruise holiday. (customer type and demand) -
Thompson (TUI) restart their cruise line
Thomson restart their cruise line named sun cruises. t was rebranded Thompson cruises shortly after before being rebranded again in 2017 as Marella cruises
(tour operator integration) -
growth of large corporations
Cunard is purchased by carnival corporation in 1998 which increased the number of cruise lines they own. during this period the royal Caribbean group also continue to expand and introduce new cruise lines
(integration) -
internet at sea
the first cruise ship to have internet at sea is launched in 1999. Norwegian sky becomes the firdt cruise ship to offer an internet cafe with paid pay as you go internet access.
(technological advances) -
carnival corporation acquire P&O cruises
PO cruise is acquired by carnival corporation in 2003
(integration) -
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launch of the three queens
Cunard launched three new ships which are known as the 'three queens' queen Mary 2 (2004) queen Victoria (2007) and queen Elizabeth (2010).
(technological advances) -
oaisis of the seas launches
royal caribbean launch oaisis of the seas which becomes the worlds largest cruise ship, capable of carring over 6000 passengers . it includes an outdoor aqua theatre and the world first park at sea
technological advaances -
costa concordia sinks
on January 13th 2012 the costa Concordia ship sank after striking a rock in the Mediterranean. the ships captin was found guilty of man slaughter and sentanced to 16 years in prison. the evacuation took over 6 hours, 32 people died ncluding 27 passengers and 5 crew members. -
virgin group announce virgin voyages
virgin voyages is announced and plan to offer adult only cruise. their first cruise ship called scarlet lady launched in 2021.
(customer type and demand)
(tour operator integration) -
P&O launch Britannia
PO launch the Britannia which becomes the largest vessel created for the british market. which includes britans first cookery school at sea and cutting-edge entertainment.
(technological development)
(customer type demand) -
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covid 19 pandemic
the global cruise industry collapses as governments around the world introduce travel restrictions. in 2020 diamond princess was quarantined off japan for two weeks until passengers and crew were evacuated. 712 people were infected with covid 19
nearly 30 cruise ships were scrapped during the covid 19 pandemic and some cruise lines went into administration.
social and economic changes. -
icon of the seas set sail
The Royal Caribbean launch icon of the seas which becomes the worlds largest cruise ship capable of carrying a maximum of 7600 passengers and 2350 crew. it includes the largest swim up bar at sea ice skating and the first suspended infinity pool at sea.
(technolical advances)