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Birth
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Sensormotor
An Infant explores the world through direct sensory and motor contact. Object Permance and Separation Anxiety develop during this time. -
Grasping Reflex Fades
Reflex in an infant where when the palms are touch, the infant grasps tightly. This is an evolutionary hold-over from when baby had to grab onto the mother's back. -
Rooting Reflex Fades
When the cheek is brushed; the baby turns and opens his or her mouth. Important for feeding. -
Babinski and Moro Reflex Fades
With the Babinski Reflex, the toes curl up instead of flare. The Moro Reflex where the baby reaches up when there is a loud noise fades also around this time. -
End of Oral Stage
According to Freud, the erotic pleasure obtained from the mouth shifts after this point -
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Peroperational
A child uses symbols to represent objects but cannot reason logically. Child is egocentric as well. -
Trust vs Mistrust
Erick Eriksons first crisis. Focuses on children trusting authority figures in life. Its important to know that each stage of Erikson's research focuses on a crisis or delima. -
End of anal stage
Pleasure obtained from genatils and toilet training ends. -
End of Phallic Stage
Pleasure is obtained from winning over a parent from the opposite gender, followed by the same gender parent. -
Obedience and Punishment
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, children learn authority figures. There are six steps in Kohlbergs devopment. His research focuses on moral development. -
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Concrete Operational
Child cna think logically about concrete objects and can thus add and subtract. Child also understands conversation. -
Autonomy vs Shame
Looks to do things on ones own. -
Initiative vs guilt
Failure to achieve initiative in life my cause self doubt down the road. -
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Onset of Puberty
Marks the start of adolences. The onset differs from person to person, but it marks the start of sexual development, and a time of great cognative changes. -
Instrumental relativist
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End of Latency Stage
The sexual desire is repressed to focus on other things. Sublimation is the redirection of sexual impluses. -
Industry vs inferiority
One is learning the value and importance of work. -
Good Boy/Nice Girl
Seeks admiration from others in order to gain self confidence. -
Start of Genital Stage
Derives pleasure from giving it as well as recieving it. -
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Adolscences
Time of change both physcally and mentally. Characterized by short shifts is personality, such as a develpoment of a personal fable. Also the start of the concrete operational stage of Piaget's stages. The abliity to think abstractlu and reason are all important. -
Identity vs role confusion
Developing a sense of self is imperative for life as an adult. -
Law and Order
A sense of right and wrong is fully developed. -
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Adulhood
Adulthood is typically broken into, early, middle, and late adulthood. Adulthood starts a different times for all individuals but marked by accepting responsiblity for oneself and others. -
Graduating from College
Major milestone in life. The college experience has shaped what kind of adult you want to be. Now begins a transitional period into settlling down and starting a family. -
Intimacy vs Isolation
Learning to live with other people and take responsiblity for them. -
Age-Thirty Crisis
This is a time of questioning, typically in a man's life. Questions like, " Is this the life I want" and "What can I do to change my life's course?" -
Getting Married and Having Kids
This is a piviotal milestone, because it signifies that you, as an individual, and take responsiblity for other people's lives. -
Midlife Crisis
A time of questioning life decisions up to this point. Typical in men. -
Generativity vs Stagnation
Delima between continuing to work hard and maintain life as normal, or slow down. -
Social Contarct
Develops fully social by young adulthood. Figure out right an wrong from societial standards, as opposed to laws and parents. -
"Empty-Nest Syndrome"
This primarily occurs with women who have children. It occurs when the children leave the home, and women are left with time on their hands. Typically accompanied with depression, for a short period of time. -
Start of Menopause
Physical change in women where the body slows production of female hormones and the menstral cycle stops. -
Start of Retirement
This is an important milestone because it begins late adulthood. the body and the mind start to noticeably decline, which is inevitable. Life may be great for several years, but soon independance will deminish, and a time of depression and loss will occur. -
Universal Ethics Principle
Moral reasoning is fully developed an based on tangiable experiences and facts. -
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Old Age
Characterized by loss of independance and major declines in physical health. -
Ego intergrety vs despair
The conflict with old age. Continue working for self-preservation, or become depressed -
Denial
The starting stage of the dying process is characterized by trying to live a normal life, and saying "this can't happen to me", and " the Doctors must be wrong." -
Anger
The person may feel angry at any number of things, from fate, to family. May alienate themselves from others. -
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Dying Process
The five stages of dying occur at different times for all people, but can be characterized by similar traits. -
Bargaining
This can be characterized by asking for more time in exchange for good behavior, typically to a higher power. Also may submit gracefully to proceedures. -
Depression
Simply aware of the losse occuring, and focuses on it. -
Acceptance
The struggle is over and a sense of calm is obtained. -
Death
