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Infancy: 0-2 years
Cognitive: sensorimotor skills- children learn through their senses and motor skills, object permanence is developed.
Social: Begin to show clear preferences, children try to become more independent
Physical: motor development occurs in an orderly sequence, motor skills begin to develop and improve throughout time -
Early Childhood: 2-6 years
Cognitive: Children will begin to engage in pretend play, they use symbols to represent words, images, and ideas
Social: able to initiate activities and assert control over their world through social interactions and play
Physical: Frontal lobes of the brain are growing rapidly, developmentally capable of controlling their attention and behavior -
Middle Childhood:6-11
Cognitive: can think logically about real events, are able to perform and solve mathematical problems, master the concept of conservation, along with the concept of reversibility
Social: Children start to compare themselves to their peers, starts establishing feelings of pride and accomplishment, or feeling inferior
Physical: Growth spurts such as height start to slow down, moto skills and stamina increase to perform more complex tasks -
Adolescence: 11-18 years
Cognitive: Adolescents are able to use abstract thinking to problem solve, they are able to use concrete and abstract thinking to deal with hypothetical situations
Social: Identity versus role confusion, they ask themselves, "who am I" and "where do I belong?" they do develop a strong sense of identity and can stay true to their beliefs
Physical: Children go through puberty, primary and secondary sexual characteristics mature and develop -
Emerging Adulthood: 18-25
Cognitive: able to use abstract thinking to problem solve, they are able to use concrete and abstract thinking to deal with hypothetical situations
Social: intimacy versus isolation, they want to share their life with someone else, should have a strong sense of self before developing intimate relationships with others
Physical: physical maturation is complete, height and weight will vary slightly, physical abilities are at their peak, including muscle strength, and cardiac function -
Adulthood:25-65
Cognitive: able to use abstract thinking to problem solve, they are able to use concrete and abstract thinking to deal with hypothetical situations
Social: Finding your life's work and contributing to others through activities like volunteering and mentor, some may have little connection to others and become stagnant
Physical: Skin loses elasticity and wrinkles start to form, visual acuity decreases over time, weight gain is normal -
Late Adulthood:65+
Cognitive: able to use abstract thinking to problem solve, they are able to use concrete and abstract thinking to deal with hypothetical situations
Social: the reflection of their life is normal, which can cause a feeling of satisfaction or failure, this stage is called integrity versus despair
Physical: Skin continues to lose elasticity, reaction time decreases, senses decline significantly, brain may not function as well as when it was younger, causing memory loss and dementia