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The First Montessori School Opens in the U.S.
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Research Era
Developmental psychologists used various research modalities such as, experiential, correlational, and longitudinal to observe and study young children. Findings from the Research Era provide much of what educators know today about how children grow, learn, and think. This information helps teachers make informed decisions about how to best teach literacy to young children. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act (1964) on July 2, 1964. The act granted access to all public places regardless of race, color, or nationality. Additionally, the act called for the integration of all public schools. While the Civil Rights Act did not solve the nation's racism it did send the firm message that discrimination was no longer federally acceptable. -
The Montessori Approach Peaks in America
Dr. Montessori's approach to early childhood education enlists self-correcting manipulatives, and teacher modeling in an orderly environment to systematically reach specific learning objectives. Dr. Montessori viewed children as active learners who acquire knowledge by interactions with their environment. Montessori popularity peaked in America circa 1965. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was implemented to close academic gaps between high and low socio-economic classes. ESEA of 1965 provided funding for libraries, material, and research in schools that served predominantly impoverished families. -
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Piaget was the first developmental scientist to observe infants and young children in his work. Piaget is also credited as the first developmental scientist to explore HOW, rather than WHAT, do children think. Piaget's Theory is still guides many decisions about curriculum especially at different ages. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act Expands
ESEA is revised to offer more funding with an emphasis on English language acquisition for the increasingly diverse students in America. -
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Development
Vygotsky is accredited as the first to stress the role of cultural context within development. Vygotsky also emphasized the importance of language acquisition in regard to cognitive development. His afore mentioned concepts (cultural context, and language acquisition) as well as scaffolding, and the "zone of proximal development" are still utilized in early childhood settings across the United States. -
No Child Left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was the final revision of Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Signed into law by President George W. Bush in January 2002, NCLB is most remembered for its introduction of high stakes standardized tests. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Enacted by President Obama in 2015, Every Student Succeeds Act or ESSA, essentially replaced the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. ESSA's most notable contributions include diminishment of high stakes tests, flexibility in assessment strategies and the separation of subgroups (English language learners and Special Education students) in scoring and data reporting. ESSA also emphasizes the Holistic approach to learning/teaching which likely improves literacy skills for most students. -
Resources
American Montessori Society. (n.d.). History of montessori education. American Montessori Society. Retrieved September 8, 2022, from https://amshq.org/About-Montessori/History-of-Montessori Morrow, L. M. (2020). Chapter 2 foundations of early literacy. In Literacy development in the early years: Helping children read and write. essay, Pearson Education, Inc. -
Resources
National Archives and Records Administration. (2022, February 8). Civil Rights Act (1964). National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved September 8, 2022, from https://www.archives.gov/ Sadker, D. M., Zittleman, K. R., & Koch, M. (2022). Chapter 5 Selected Federal Legislation. In Teachers, schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to education (6th ed., p. 146). essay, McGraw-Hill Education.