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1600 BCE
Bering land bridge
The Bering land bridge had three significant waves of Clovis people migrating from eastern Asia to modern day Americas -
1300
anasazi
The Anasazi civilization grew in the dry lands of the American southwest. The Anasazi lived in groups of houses that Spanish later called pueblos. Pueblo is the Spanish word for "town" or "village." Pueblos were multistory buildings made of Adobe; a mixture of sand and straw dried into bricks. -
Period: 1300 to
Beginnings to Exploration
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1440
Printing press
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1440 allowing churches to mass produce Bibles. Mass production now meant that the lower class could now educate themselves because the prices of literature plummeted. -
1492
Columbian exchange
named after Christopher Columbus, the Columbian exchange began soon after Columbus landed in the modern-day Carribean. The Columbian exchange was -
Aug 3, 1492
The Americas
With permission of Catholic monarchs, Columbus crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Spain in 1492. He wanted to find a route directly to Asia. Instead, he accidentally discovered the Americas but died before knowing. -
1517
95 theses
The 95 theses is based on Martin Luther revolutionary ideas that catalyzed the breaking away from the Catholic Church and later formed the Protestant Reformation. Luther wrote, “95 Theses” to express his concern with the corruption within the Church. -
Roanoke
In 1587 John white Led expedition to North America, with families instead of soldiers. The 150 settlers established a settlement on Roanoke Island. White returned to England for supplies so that they wouldn’t starve to death. However, England was at war with Spain. The Atlantic was closed off to nonmilitary vessels which prevented his return to the coast of North Carolina until 1590. He returned to the entire colony disappeared. This community on Roanoke island soon became the “Lost Colony.” -
Jamestown
Jamestown was founded in 1607 in what is now Virginia. The colony began as a private charter from the English crown. Of the one hundred colonists that settled in Jamestown, only 32 survived the first winter due to famine and illness. Eventually, more colonist came with supplies and soon found some stability under captain John Smith -
Tabacoo
John Rolfe believed Virginia's economic future in tobacco, Tobacco, one of the most important cash crops in American farming, is native to the North and South American continents. Its economic effects and broad popularity forced acceptance among all cultures. The history of tobacco comes from Native Americans up to the 20th century when mechanization and mass marketing started to make tobacco production the major industry it has become. -
Puritans
Settling in New England, the Puritans believed that the church of England was the true church, though in need of major reforms. Theyre leader, John Winthrop saw them as a "city on a hill" believing that they would set an example for all other in British colonies -
mayflower compact
the Mayflower Compact was the first agreement established between the old world and the new world settlers for a self-governed society. -
Carolinas
Colony was founded in 1653 by the Virginia colonists, derived from the Latin name Carolus, translated as "Charles" the state was named in honor Charles IX of France .During the 1660's the Proprietors of the vast colony realized that it was not possible for one governor and one assembly to manage a colony as big as Carolina, in 1712, North and South Carolina were officially divided. It was used as a buffer colony to put space between the colonies and Spanish owned land. -
Salem Witch Trial
A group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. A special court convened in Salem to hear the cases. 19 were killed, while some 150 more men, women and children were accused over the next several months. Later the court annulled guilty verdicts against accused witches and granted compensation to their families, the story has endure for centuries. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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Triangular trade
Commercial products from Europe were sent to Africa to be sold and traded for African slaves. The slaves are then shipped to the Americas in exchange for raw goods such as cotton and tobacco. Natural products make their way back to Europe, and so goes the triangular trade. This trade is essential to the Colonies because tobacco and cotton becomes their primary source of income -
Sugar
As part of an Atlantic trading network that linked the colonies with England, Africa, and the West Indies called the Triangular Trade. It involved the exchange of products from colonial farms, with England for manufactured goods, and the West Indies for slaves, molasses, and sugar. In New England, molasses and sugar were distilled into rum, which was used to buy African slaves. -
the great awakening
The great awakening, the most important event in American Religion during the 18th century. It was a period of religious revival and reform; it was a series of events that spread through the American colonies and were led by evangelical Protestant ministers. -
George washington
George Washington's military experience began in the French and Indian war as he became a major in a militia from the province of Virginia. Washington successfully led the Virginia militia that captured Fort Duquesne. -
Fort Duquesne
The Battle of Fort Duquesne was a British assault on the French fort that was repulsed with heavy losses on 14 September 1758, during the French and Indian War. After the British captured Fort Duquesne, they renamed it Fort Pitt in honor of William Pitt. -
Battle of quebec
the battle of Quebec began in June 1759 and ended on September 13, 1759, when the British under the command of General James Wolfe achieved a victory when they ascended the cliffs over the city of Quebec and defeated French forces under Louis- Joseph de Montcalm. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Treaty of Paris 1763
The treaty of Paris, or the treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by Great Britain, France, and Spain Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain in the French and Indian war. -
Sugar act
The revenue act, also known as the sugar act is one of many bills passed by the British parliament to help pay for the French and Indian war. The sugar act was a tax on sugar that the colonists did not want to pay. -
stamp act
The stamp act was another bill passed by British parliament that placed a tax on all official papers. The stamp act affected lawyers and printers more than anyone else. -
Boston Massacre
The tension was already running high between American colonists and British on the evening a crowd of Bostonians was harassing British soldiers. A snowball triggered the soldiers to begin firing at the colonists. weeks later, Paul Revere published his engraving "The Bloody Massacre in King-Street." a piece of propaganda considered today to be fake news. -
Boston tea party
On December 16, 1773, the sons of liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians in an act to vandalize British ships by dumping 340 chests of tea overboard. The Boston tea party was to show the American distaste for the tea act. The "tea party." resulted in harsher laws known as the coercive acts of 1774 and pushed both sides closer to war -
Lexington and Concord
The battles of Lexington and Concord were fought on April 19, 1775, and began the American revolution with the shot heard around the world from Lexington. On the night before, hundreds of British soldiers marched from Boston to Concord after being ordered to seize an arms cache. Paul Revere and other "midnight riders." rang the alarm in which the Minutemen began strategizing their interception. -
Declaration of Independence
The declaration of independence is what declared the colonies united and independent of British forces. Thomas Jefferson completed the document on July 2 and signed on the 4th. The declaration of independence also was used to help find European allies like Spain and France. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Articles of confederation
The articles of confederation are the united states first constitution adopted by the continental congress on November 15th, 1777. The documents were weak and could not get the states to comply and relied on requisitions laying claim to property or material. The AOC also failed because there was no central government authority to enforce laws and Congress was unable to accomplish almost anything. Later ratified by all thirteen states in 1781 -
The Battle of Yorktown
The battle of Yorktown was the last battle of the American Revolution. American and French forces combined and took on the British till the British surrendered and signed the treaty of Paris - 1783 which officially ended the war -
Shays rebellion
Shay's rebellion is a series of protest in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers whose farms were being seized to pay off debt from the American Revolution. The farmers were profoundly affected by state enforcing tax collection. The uprising made the government realize that the articles of confederation were weak and needed reformation. -
Northwest Ordinance
While the US expanded after the Revolutionary War, the Northwest Ordinance helped organize new territories and set up the steps each region needed to take to become a state. It also outlawed slavery in the northwest region when slavery was allowed by the US constitution. -
New Jersey Plan
William Paterson's New Jersey plan of government, where states got an even number of representatives in Congress, juxtaposing the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state has one vote. -
The Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan was introduced to the Constitutional Convention and proposed a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses corresponding to the population. The Virginia Plan favored large states, which would have a higher voice than small states. -
The great compromise
the agreement between large states and small states at the constitutional convention that voted for a bicameral legislature with a lower house of representatives that would be based on population and a higher house that has two senators representing each state. -
Election of 1788
The election of 1788 was the united states first election in history. In the poll, George Washington went against John Adams and received the title of President while Adams made 2nd place AKA Vice President. Washington won by a landslide because of his figure to the public that practically worshipped him. -
Period: to
The New Republic
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The Bill of Rights
The bill of rights is made up of The first ten amendments to the Constitution. Written by James Madison to please cries from several states for better constitutional protection for individual rights, the Bill of Rights lists specific limitations on the government's power. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a tax protest in the United States from 1791 to 1794 during the presidency of George Washington. The whiskey tax was the first tax urged on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government. Being the first serious challenge to national authority: the whiskey rebellion resulted in a victory for the state. -
The First Bank of the United States
The first bank of the united states served as a depository for federal funds. Proposed by Alexander Hamilton, the bank of the united states was granted a 20-year term despite the opposition of Jefferson and Madison who thought it represented an unconstitutional use of power. -
Jay's Treaty
Representatives from both the United States and Great Britain signed Jay's Treaty on November 19th, 1794. The treaty was meant to settle unsolved issues between the two countries that had yet to be resolved since American independence. Many Americans disapproved of the agreement but it fulfilled the objective of keeping the peace between both nations and protect U.S neutrality. -
Washington's Farewell address
In 1796 President George Washington announced that he did not want to seek a re-election for a third term and began drafting this farewell address to the American people. Washington recommended that Americans should avoid excessive political party spirit. In foreign affairs, he warned against long-term alliances with other nations. -
Second Great Awakening
A religious revival in the 1800s, the "New Light" minister was emotional sermons: vivid imagery, yelling. This all led to new church sects increasing religious diversity. Women also played a much larger role in this awakening, it inspired reforms and salvation through individual efforts. -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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Marbury V. Madison
Marbury V. Madison is the most important supreme court case that applied the principle of judicial review the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress that conflicted with the Constitution. MvM showed that the supreme court lacked jurisdiction and also set up the modern day court. -
The Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana purchase was made during Jefferson's presidency in 1803, and the U.S. bought approximately 828 million square miles west of the Mississippi River from France for 15 million dollars. The acquisition doubled the size of the United States. Jefferson wanted the land to be for the farmers because he dreamed of a future nation of farmers. -
Embargo Act of 1807
Embargo Act of 1807 passed on December 22, 1807, Prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports to deprive France and Britain of American goods. This wasn't too popular within the ports because shipping industries were failing. -
The Cotton Gin
The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney reduced the labor of removing seeds from the cotton and increased the need for slaves to grow and pick cotton. The increase in labor was necessary because the cotton gin enhanced the production. Conditions for slaves became less habitable as the cotton agriculture industry revolutionized. -
Period: to
American Industrial Revolution
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The Battle of new Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans was fought after the war of 1812 was over, so it had no purpose. Andrew Jackson led the war with his ragtag team and defeated the British. This was the beginning of Jackson's name getting out. -
Adam-onis treaty
The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Florida Purchase Treaty, was agreed upon by the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and settled the boundary separating the U.S. and New Spain. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri compromise set an imaginary line at 36* 30*. This border separated slave states from free states. Every state admitted into the U.S. was paired with an opposite state. This compromise would be a temporary solution to balancing free states and slave states. -
Industrial Revolution Changes In Agriculture
The Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century advanced the Industrial Revolution in America. Farming controlled the market for ages. During the 18th century, new farming methods created an agricultural revolution that produced massive quantities of crops to feed the increasing population. -
Temperance Movement
Also known as the Prohibition Movement, was a political and social movement in the US during the Progressive Era. The aim was to stop the problems that came along with alcoholism- these problems included unemployment, neglect of children, and domestic violence – a serious issue in an era when it was socially unacceptable for women to divorce or separate from their husbands if they were alcoholic and abusive. -
Education
Although school had already been established, during the early 19 century attendance was required. Textbooks,instruction and grades were now all used in all schools, there were many new religious based schools started especially colleges. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Monroe doctrine
The Monroe doctrine was passed by President James Monroe in 1823 as part of his annual speech to address the House of Representatives. It declared that America would not allow any European or foreign people in the Western Hemisphere. The Monroe doctrine was a prelude to other presidential Doctrines. -
Election of 1824
The election of 1824 while Jackson won the popular vote that was scored, some states at that time chose electors in the state legislature and did not tally a popular vote for president. Jackson grew angry because he knew there was a corrupt bargain in play. -
Lowell mills
Francis C. Lowell invented the first integrated Cotton Mill. Lowell's inventions drove smaller competitors out of business, and he went on to create a small community called Lowell mills that operated under the Waltham system. The Waltham system employed young single women and earned more than men but worked in worse conditions. -
election of 1828
The election of 1828 is essential for Andrew Jackson because he gets elected president. Jackson is known as an ordinary man, and he campaigns as such. He used campaigning techniques used in today's society. He won by a landslide because he was known for being the pro-common man president. -
Spoils system
Giving work to political supporters who help elect a person to office is called the spoils system. Andrew Jackson was the first President to practice the spoils system on a broader scale in the national Government. Jackson believed that all honest, knowledgeable people could hold public office successfully. -
Industrial Revolution Changes in Transportatin
Industrial Revolution depended on transportation working as efficient as possible to move raw supplies and finished goods over long distances to reach new settlements further west. Three main types of transportation increased during the Industrial Revolution: waterways, roads, and railroads. Vehicular innovations used to conquer these terrains included steamboats and trains. -
Free black communities
Free black communities were extremely rare in the south, but most free black communities resided in the north and in the midwest. Segregation still applied to the inhabitants up north because whites disliked blacks taking white folks jobs. Aside from competing with whites, freed blacks also competed for occupations with immigrants such as Irish, German and Scandinavians. -
Immigrants
Contrary to belief, Americans segregated even Europeans. They were extremely against any immigrants coming and taking their jobs. Immigrants usually lived in tenants or slums, cramped in rooms with their families and working jobs that did not pay enough to enjoy life -
Mormons
The Mormons are part of the Church of Latter Day Saints was founded by Joseph Smith when he found the "golden tablets" in 1823. Mormons believe that Jesus paid for the sins of the world, and that all people can be saved through his atonement. -
Creation of parks
The idea of parks was new as a get away from the fast life industrialization brought.Later cemetery will be made in image to parks. -
Indian removal act "Trail of Tears"
In 1830, Andrew Jackson and Congress established the Indian removal act. This act gave the president the power to exchange land west of the Mississippi River(Oklahoma) for Indian lands. This lead to "the Trail of Tears" in which many natives were forced off their property and sent to what is now Oklahoma, where thousands die in the process of relocating. -
Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion
Nat Turner's slave rebellion, lead by Nathaniel Turner a slave and 60 other slaves resulted in the massacre of 55 whites. The resistance is the primary reason for the government outlawing slaves from preaching and limited freed slaves access to firearms. -
Nullification crisis
The Nullification Crisis was a local disaster during Andrew Jackson's presidency created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. The crisis made southerners question if Andrew Jackson and the Democrats represented southern interests. South Carolina became very united although isolated from the rest of the states, mainly when they seceded. -
Jackson Vetoes the Bank of the United States
During the election of 1832 Henry clay knew the secret to winning the election would be getting Andrew Jackson to veto the bank of the U.S. and look bad. But that plan backfired when Jackson gave his bank veto speech in which he laid out his vision for American democracy, and he appealed his view on the bank toward the common man. -
Anti-Abolitionism
ncreasing numbers of people in the northern United States held the idea that the nation's slaves should be freed immediately, without compensation to slave owners.The anti-abolitionist riots of 1834, also known as the Farren Riots, occurred in New York City over a series of four nights,three interconnected riots erupted. Most Anti-abolitionist were Northern whites but there was also a large amount of free blacks who were part of the moment. -
Furniture
America was part of the Greek Revival as furniture was styled after Greek classical furniture was the inspiration for the designers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.The simple, elegant lines of ancient Greek's furniture inspired the cabinet makers of the day to move away from earlier, heavier and more ornate styles to imitate ancient Greek and Roman designs. -
The election of 1836 and the Panic of 1837
The Election of 1836 resulted in Martin Van Buren's presidency. In his presidency, Buren inherited a terrible economy that leads to the panic of 1837. Buren's solution for the panic was the Independent treasury act. The system created took the federal government out of banking and all payments to the government was to be made in cash where it was then deposited in vaults till needed. -
Industrial revolution changes in Communication
Communication became apparent during the Industrial Revolution with such inventions as the telegraph. In 1837, Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail patented the first electrical telegraph. The printing press also advanced communication by enhancing mass advertising in printing over 1100 copies an hour. -
Manifest destiny
The belief in the 19th century that the U.S. should own all territory between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, James K. Polk brought this saying only one term was necessary to do what he needed to. Important things that helped westward expansion was the Louisiana Purchase, the Gold Rush of 1849 and the Gadsden Purchase. -
James k. Polk Presidency
When running for President in 1844, James k. Polk went against Henry clay and won the controversial issue of what would happen to Texas. Polk had three goals in mind during his presidency, to annex Texas, settle the border of Oregon, and the boundary for Mexico. Polk had accomplished all of these goals during his position as president and did not feel the need to run for a second term. -
Young America
The young America movement was designed to divert youthful Americans interest toward nationalism and to spread democratic ideas of expansion. Franklin Peirce proposed to expand the U.S. by buying Cuba and Alaska and to expand into Latin America. -
Annexation of texas
The Spanish were the first to colonize the American southwest, including Texas.In the 19th century, Spain allowed some Americans to settle in Texas. In 1821 Moses Austin got permission to lead a group of 300 American families creating a new settlement & by 1835, 20,000 settlers had arrived in Texas, they declared Texas an independent state called the Republic of Texas &in 1845, voluntarily asked to become a part of the United States. The government of the United States agreed to annex the nation -
Wilmont Proviso
James Polk's gained territory in the West caused a problem over the expansion of slavery between North and South. The Wilmot Proviso, introduced by Democratic Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania banned slavery anywhere in any territory that might be acquired from Mexico.The Wilmot Proviso was designed to eliminate slavery within the land acquired as a result of the Mexican War. August 8, 1846 -
Mormon migration
Mormons were victims of persecution, harassment and pushed out of society. They were based in economic unity and labor and deeded property to church but when their leader Joseph Smith was killed by a mob, new leader, Brigham Young wanted to get away taking them to Salt Lake Valley, Utah and then practice polygamy. -
Gold Rush
The gold rush was the most extensive mass migration in American history since it involved a population of over 300 thousand people migrating to California. The movement began when James W. Marshall found gold on his property on January 24, 1848. The rumors of gold spread quickly. In the beginning, the gold could be picked up from the ground. Then later had to be mined which is the reason why the west prioritized mining during the civil war. -
Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Mexican-American war ended on February 2, 1848, with the signing of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The agreement gave the united stated land including modern-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. The significance of Guadalupe Hidalgo was to settle the border between Mexico and the United States. -
fugitive slave act
The fugitive slave act was a law making it a crime to help runaway slaves. Anybody caught doing so could face imprisonment and a fine. Any runaway slaves found would have no right to trial. This act would lead to the founding of the underground in which abolitionists would help slaves escape the south to Canada. -
Railroads
Railroads were the most efficient way of transportation. From goods to soldiers, anything can get from new york to California within a matter of days. Not only used during times of war, but railroads were also used long after the war and were just the most convenient form of transportation. Along with passage, tracks also enhanced industrialization by allowing manufacturers to ship products across the U.S. -
Kansas Nebraska act
The Kansas Nebraska acts were passed in 1854 and allowed the people in Kansas and Nebraska to determine whether they would become free or slave territories. Essentially, this would repeal the Missouri compromise of 1820. Any territory north of the 36*30* line could become a slave state if it wanted to. -
Chinese Migration
Chinese immigrants came to California during the gold rush because of famine and economic hardship. Many wanted to gain wealth and return to China, and many immigrants including Chinese faced discrimination and violence. -
Northern advantages
The north has always been much more technologically advanced than the south, especially near the civil war. the north controlled over 96% of the factories and had over 22 thousand miles of railroad track. Along with the benefits of transportation and supplies, the north had an extensive population that overcame the souths military leadership. -
Neutral States
The border states during the Civil War were the slave states that didn't leave the Union. These states included Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. Keeping control of the border states played an important role in the victory for the Union. These states gave the Union the advantage in troops, factories, and money,there also the primary reason that President Lincoln waited so long to issue the Emancipation Proclamation as these states were allowed to keep there slaves. -
1st Bull run/1st Manassas
The First Battle of Bull Run or the First Battle of Manassas as it is also called, resulted in thousands of lives lost; and as such it if referred to as first major land battle of the American Civil war. It was an incident of high importance where two untried armies met on the battlefield for the first time. -
The Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address renewed the original idea of all men being created equally as well elevating the war -
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Lincoln's plan that offered reinstatement for Southern states as long as 10% of the state swore allegiance to the Union. This was created in an attempt to create a moderate peace plan that wouldn't upset the South, it was very lenient but fell when congress regected it saying Black suffrage was to be added -
Freedman’s Bureau
The Freedman’s Bureau, an organization created by Congress to provide aid for newly liberated black Americans. Many were former Union soldiers.It sought to shape the postwar South in the image of the North, which they considered to be a more advanced society. By the end it didn't do much because the south was still heavily racist and treated former slaves the same way they always had. -
Industrialization
Industrialization depicted the results of the civil war because of supply production. The supplies needed to fight in a war came from these factories: a primary reason why the north won was due to their accessibility to 110 thousand factories compared to the souths which was only 18 thousand. The rate of southern industrialization was so poor; the south had to pick supplies off the deceased southern soldiers. -
Carpetbaggers
After the war, many Northerners moved to the South to purchase land, lease plantations or partner with down-and-out planters in the hopes of making money from cotton. At first they were welcomed, as southerners saw the need for northern capital and investment to get the south's economy back later becoming an object of hate as southerners realized they were opportunistic newcomers seeking to get rich on their misfortune but even then, carpetbaggers were well-educated members of the middle class -
Forty Acres and a Mule
The promise made in the United States for the reform for former enslaved blacks it was the first systematic attempt to provide a form of reparations to newly freed slaves, such a policy would be radical in any country today: the federal government's massive confiscation of private property formerly owned by Confederate land owners but was later given back to the white owners. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment to the Constitution says that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally abolishing slavery in the United States. -
Election of 1866
The Republicans won the House majority, literally kicking out Southern representatives. During the elections, Republicans made sure that any ex-Confederate state that ratified the 14th Amendment would be declared "reconstructed" and its representatives and senators would be seated in Congress. -
KKK
The Ku Klux Klan extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance.The organization saw its primary goal: the reestablishment of white supremacy. After some decline, the KKK revived in the early 20th century, burning crosses and staging rallies, parades and marches denouncing immigrants, Catholics, Jews, blacks and organized labor. -
Ulysses S. Grant
best known as the Union general who led the United States to victory over the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. A great supporter of the transcontinental railroads, Grant oversaw the completion of the one running from Sacramento, California, to Omaha, Nebraska helping with Westward expansion
