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Western Dime Novels
After the Civil War, Americans created and bought millions of short paperbacks, costing only 10 cents depicting paint-daubed Indians and quick-triggered gunmen and scenarios from the "Wild West" and other American tales. One of the most famous dime novels is called the "Buffalo Bill Cody", the novel that popularized Wild West shows, it consisted of a former Pony Express rider and Indian fighter (mostly popular towards children). This romanticized the West and the life of the cowboy. -
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Transforming the West
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Transforming the West
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Bessmer process
This was the first method to mass produce steel. Sir Henry Bessemer took the idea of converting molten pig iron into a heat furnace to create strong steel. By putting a blast of oxygen through the pig iron it was reducing its carbon content and converted into steel. It was meant to remove impurities, as well as the carbon contents. Therefore, the Bessemer Process was named after the man who created it. It cut the prices in half drastically and it was so inexpensive that its use was widespread. -
Homestead Act
This act was passed by the Congress, offered one hundred sixty acres of free land to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of the household. They allowed the settlers to live on the land for five years by paying a small with a fee of $1.25 per acre before they were allowed to permanently receiving ownership. At the end of the Civil War 15,000 homestead claims had been made, and more after the years.The Homestead Act led to the distribution of 80 million acres of public land by 1900. -
Morill Land Grant College Act
This was a law passes by Congress to transfer substantial public acreage to the state governments, and sell the land to use those funds to finance public education. (Led to many land-grant institutions). Became a major boost to higher education in America. This act was first created by a congressman from Vermont names Justin Smith Morrill, he wanted to make sure that education is available to all social classes such as the agricultural, home economics and/or mechanical education. -
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Becoming a Industrial power
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Becoming an Industrial Power
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Knights of Labor
They were founded in 1869 as a secret society of garnet workers in Philadelphia they believed that fraternity was harnessed to labor reform, and intended to set up factories and shops that would lead to a cooperative common wealth. Grew rapidly because of a combination of their open-membership policy, and the growth of urban population; welcomed unskilled and semiskilled workers, including women and African Americans. They believed they could get rid of conflict between labor and managements. -
John Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, became one of the world’s wealthiest men and a major philanthropist. Born in New York, Rockefeller's second oil refinery was established in Cleveland, Ohio. Once Rockefeller had monopolized the oil industry, it provided 90% of the nation's oil. It achieved important economies both home and abroad by it's large scale methods of production and distribution. He also organized the trust, Holding Companies and started the Horizontal Merger. -
Telephone
This invention was created by Alexander Graham Bell. His invention was important because it created a way of quicker communication for people who were far away from one another. The telephone was an improvement from the telegraph because you could speak words to communicate rather than just with dots and dashes. Also, the telephone prevented people from having to go to a telegraph office to send message but instead allowing them to just pick up the phone and deliver their message. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
Also called Custer's Last Stand, when gold was discovered in the Black Hills Indian Reservation in South Dakota, whites invaded the Indians' lands and drove them on the warpath. The war started in June 1876, when Colonel George A. Custer and all his men were killed by Sioux Indians at the Battle of Little Bighorn in southern Montana. This battle was marked as one of the major Native American victories and one of America's worst major defeat in the long Plains Indian War. -
Social Gospel Movement
The Social Gospel was a response to the problems that were formed by the rapid urbanization in the United States of America. This movement founded by Washington Gladden and led by Protestant ministers, which taught how religion and human dignity would help the poor overcome problems of industrialization. They used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor, and the movement even preached the Sermon on the Mount and became Christian Socialists. -
Hard Money
Hard money is known to be a metallic or species dollar (usually gold or silver). People who supported only coinage (hard money), rejected all banks that issued paper money including the national bank. The people opposed of the "greenbacks" and "folding money". Soon "greenbacks" was printed too much, which depreciate the value and caused inflation and later formed the Panic of 1973. Therefore, the people looked for a new type of currency by using hard money, taking away the "folding money". -
Phonograph
The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison. Edison was trying to improve the telegraph transmitter when he noticed that the movement of the paper tape through the machine produced a noise resembling spoken words when played at a high speed. The device recorded and produced sound. The phonograph functioned by working on a central membrane that was coated in foil. A stylus would move on this membrane corresponding to the sounds entering the mouth piece with produced cylindrical discs. -
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The Gilded Age
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Exodusters
The Exodusters is a label for freed African Americans who came from the states near the Mississippi River after the Civil War and migrated to Kansas during the Reconstruction era. They fled the Southern U.S to get away from the racial oppression such as the KKK, Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws, and liked Kansas because that state was always a free state. Their name is the "Exodusters" because the Exodus, the book of the bib;e that tells about how the Jews were escaping from slavery in Egypt. -
Lightbulb
The first long-lasting light bulb was created by Thomas Edison with a carbon-filament bulb. Before light bulbs were invented humans could only work at day or by the light of candles or oil lamps, so people longed for a cheap, efficient, and long-lasting light source. His light bulb was made with a carbonized bamboo filament which lasted over 1,200 hours, and functioned by passing electricity through a thin platinum filament in the glass vacuum bulb, which delayed the filament from melting. -
Kodak Camera
Before 1880, photographers had to coat a plate with fresh, wet chemicals each time they wanted to take a picture.George Eastman created his first camera, In 1889 Eastman introduced roll film on a transparent base, which has remained the standard for film. The advertising slogan was "You press the button – we do the rest." By 1927, Eastman Kodak was the largest U.S. company in the industry -
Assassination of President Garfield
As President, he strengthened Federal authority over the New York Customs House. After four months of being elected president in 1881, President Garfield was assassinated. The person that murdered the president was Charles Guiteau. He murdered Garfield to make civil service reform a reality, and He shot Garfield because he believed that the Republican Party had not fulfilled its promise to give him a government job. -
Chinese exclusion act
This act was signed by Chester B. Arthur. Outlawed Chinese immigration for 10 years and denied the rights for Chineses to become U.S citizens. The purpose was to protect jobs for whites because Chinese were willing to work for much lower wages Act.Chinese originally immigrated during the Gold Rush and to build railroads -
Farmer's Alliance
The farmer's alliance was an organization that united farmers at the statewide and regional level. The policy goals of this organization included more readily available farm credits and federal regulation of the railroads. This led to the creation of the populist party, and they sponsored social gatherings, were active in politics, organized cooperatives, and fought against the dominance of the railroads and manufacturers. One of the goals was to adverse the effects of the crop-lien system. -
Sears & Roebuck
Established by Richard Sears in Chicago in 1887. The bulky catalogs from Sears changed the lives of many isolated people—introducing them to new trends of fashion and home decoration as well as making available new tools, machinery, and technologies for the home. The catalog allowed the rural areas to get manufactured goods and introduced cheaper items. By 1907, Sears had become one of the largest business enterprises in the nation; the Sears catalog helped create a truly national market. -
Andrew Carnegie
A Scottish-American industrialist, business manager and philanthropist, but most importantly he was the owner of the Carnegie Steel Corporation, the largest of its kind in the world and led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry. One of his two great innovations was in the cheap and efficient mass production of steel by adopting the Bessemer process for steel making. By using Bessemer process, in 1900 the Carnegie Steel Company was producing one-third of the nation's steel. -
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Imperialism
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
In 1890, the Sherman Antitrust Act was passed by the U.S. government to prevent misunderstandings from unfair business practices. It took around many years, but in 1911, the company was found in violation of the antitrust laws and was divided up into a number of different companies. The cause of the Act was because many people began to feel that Standard Oil's monopoly business was unfair. States began to issues laws to try to increase competition but they didn't really work. -
Silver Act
The Silver Act, also known as the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, was passed in 1890 by the U.S. Congress, not only required the U.S. government to purchase nearly twice as much silver as before, but also added to the amount of money retained. Free silver was a major economic policy issue. They hoped to enlist the government to increase the demand for silver too. Furthermore, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act was repealed because president Cleveland called Congress to a session to repeal it. -
Robber Barons
Robber Baron was referred to as a businessman who was involved in unethical practices, widespread political influence, and was extremely wealthy. The men who were called robber barons were sometimes portrayed in a positive way, as “self-made men” who had helped build the nation. This created many jobs for American workers. Over time, many of the practices of the robber barons would become illegal as further legislation sought to ensure fairness in American business. -
Worlds Colombian Exposition Exchange 1893
The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World in 1492. The purpose of the Chicago World's Fair was to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus landing in the New World. The Chicago World's Fair provided a showcase for new inventions, new products, different styles of architecture and art, and numerous exhibits to cultural understanding and tourism. -
Depression of 1983
The Depression of 1893 was a financial crisis that triggered a depression in Europe and North America. Like most major financial downturns, the depression of the 1890s was preceded by a series of shocks that weakened the economy. In addition, the Panic of 1893 provided a spectacular financial crisis the contributed to the economic recession. Furthermore, this panic was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures. -
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Progressive Era
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William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was an American politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States. He also became a Nebraska congressman in 1890. He told at the 1896 Democratic convention his Cross of Gold speech that free silver, but was defeated to become U.S. president by William McKinley. He believed that "free silver" would have brought nation prosperity. -
Cross of Gold speech
The Cross of Gold speech is a political speech said by William Jennings Bryan to the Convention in Chicago on July 9 1896. The advantages of the gold standard are that it limits the power of governments or banks to cause price inflation by excessive issue of money currency. Although there is evidence that even before World War I monetary authorities did not contract the supply of money. Furthermore, part of the speech includes: "You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." -
William Mckinley
William McKinley became the 25th President of the United States from March 4, 1897 until September 1901 and was considered an important leader. Furthermore, when the Civil War broke in 1861, McKinley enlisted in the Union Army. He eventually earned the rank from volunteers. The United States presidential election of November 3, 1896, saw William McKinley defeat Democrat William Jennings Bryan in a campaign. Consequently, an anarchist, shot him twice in the abdomen during his presidency. -
George Dewey
George Dewey studied at the U.S. Naval Academy and served with Union naval forces during the U.S. Civil War. He served during the Battle of New Orleans and part of the Atlantic blockade. In 1897, he was assigned to the U.S. Asiatic squadron. He also entered the Philippines’ Manila Bay and opened fire on the Spanish fleet. In addition, the U.S. acquired the Philippines and Dewey was made admiral of the navy.The U.S. navy led by him defeated the Spanish navy and took control of the Philippines. -
Battle of Manilla Bay
The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish–American War. The Battle of Manila Bay defeat the Spanish Pacific fleet by the U.S. Navy, resulting in the fall of the Philippines and contributing to the final U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War. Furthermore, after an explosion sank, the United States declared war with Spain in support of a Cuban rebellion against Spanish colonial rule. Lastly, a U.S. "New Navy" attack on the Spanish fleet in the Philippines occurred. -
Treaty of Paris (1898)
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was an agreement that involved Spain renounce nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire. The war officially later, when the U.S. and Spanish governments signed the Treaty of Paris. The treaty also forced Spain to cede Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States and ending the Spanish-American War. Fighting was stopped and Spain recognized Cuba`s independence. Furthermore, the U.S. occupation of the Philippines was recognized in the final arrangement of the islands. -
Philippine-American War
The cause of the Philippine-American War was caused by the U.S. government's hunt for an empire and the desire of the Filipino people for freedom. After centuries as a Spanish colony, a revolution led in part broke out in the Philippine Islands. The Filipinos welcomed the US as allies in their struggle against Spain. After the Spanish had been almost completely defeated the leader declared the Philippines to be an independent country which led to the cause of the Filipino war with the US. -
Open Door Policy
In 1899, John Hay proposed an Open Door Policy towards China for all countries. The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Furthermore, the Open Door policy is a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900 for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity. -
Platt Amendment
The Platt Amendment was passed as part of the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill. It demanded seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish American War. An eighth condition came into place that Cuba signed a treaty accepting seven conditions.The Platt Amendment outlined the role of the U.S. in Cuba and the Caribbean too. It also permitted the US to lease or buy lands for the purpose of the establishing naval bases and stations in Cuba. -
Big Stick Policy
Big stick policy refers to President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy. The big stick diplomacy means International negotiations backed by the threat of force. Theodore Roosevelt established the U.S. as the "police power" for the Western Hemisphere and stating that the U.S. would protect threatened countries in North and South America. This was called his "Big Stick Diplomacy". In addition, the phrase came from Roosevelt and was used in cartoons to refer particularly to his foreign policy. -
Teddy Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt was governor of New York before becoming U.S. vice president. Teddy Roosevelt became the youngest man to assume the U.S. presidency after President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901. He won a second term in 1904 too. Roosevelt was also famous for leading the Rough Riders in a battle at San Juan Hill in Cuba. In addition, he also helped increase the government regulation and safety standards of food and medicine with the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was part of an industry and was the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of mass production. Furthermore, he was an auto mobile manufacturer who created the Ford car and went on to develop the assembly line mode of production. Although automobiles had already existed, they were still mostly scarce and expensive. As a result, Ford sold millions of cars and became a world-famous company head. He also became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. -
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of Russia and Japan in Korea. It resulted in a victory by Japan, by establishing Japan as a major world power. Popular discontent in Russia following the defeat led to the Russian Revolution. Unhappiness among Japanese over the lack of territorial gains led to a better relationship towards the United States. As a result, the Russian Empire and Nicholas II lost, along with two of their three naval fleets. -
Schlieffen Plan
The Schlieffen Plan was a strategy that Germany had for fighting a war on two sides. One against France and the other Russia.The speed of the German attack was all part of the war strategy called the Schlieffen Plan. Germany hoped to conquer France and Western Europe before the Russians could assemble their army and attack the east. This way Germany would only have to fight at war on one front at a time and it was a plan for a designated attack on France once Russia had started to mobilize. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
The Pure Food and Drug Act was an act for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. The Pure Food and Drug Act was signed by Theodore Roosevelt on the same day as the Federal Meat Inspection Act. It was a law passed in order to remove harmful foods and drugs from the market and regulate the manufacture and sale of drugs and food involved in trade. -
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
The meat inspection act is a law that makes it a crime to misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food. It also ensures that meat products and meat are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. The purpose of the act is to prevent health hazards such as pathogens chemical contaminants in meat. Theodore Roosevelt supported the meat inspection act and signed it. The act meant that the preparation of meat shipped over states would be inspected throughout the process. -
Gentleman's Agreement
The Gentlemen's Agreement was made by the effort of President Theodore Roosevelt and was an agreement between the United States and Japan in grew tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers. In addition, the Gentlemen's Agreement was never written into a law passed by Congress, but was an informal agreement between the United States and Japan. It was nullified by the Immigration Act of 1924, which legally banned all Asians from migrating to the United States. -
William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft was the 27th president of the United States. He was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court and becoming the only person to have served as both in U.S. chief justice and president. He served as U.S. president from 1909 to 1913 and chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1921 to 1930. William Howard Taft became the only man in history to hold the highest post in both the executive and judicial branches of the U.S. government and led America through World War l. -
Election of 1912
The election of 1912 was a four-way contest. During the election, Wookdrow Wislon made many speeches during his presidential campaign. The speeches promised important reforms for greater economic opportunity for all too. Furthermore, some Republicans were unhappy with William Howard Taft, split with the Republican Party and created the Progressive Party. In addition, president Theodore Roosevelt ran as the Progressive Party candidate, but was unsuccessful since he lost the election. -
17th amendment
The 17th amendment established that senators would be directly elected. It was an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1913, providing for the election of two U.S. senators from each state by popular vote and for a term of six years. Furthermore, the 17th Amendment was part of a wave of progressive constitutional reforms. It also gave Americans the right to vote directly for their Senators, therefore strengthening the relationship between citizens and the federal government. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve act is an Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System and created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer and more stable financial system. The Federal Reserve was created on December 23, 1913 by President Woodrow Wilson. The purpose of the Federal Reserve System is the control the supply of money in the economy. The System has many functions and responsibilities too. -
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World War I
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Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey was a famous political leader and founder of the Black Nationalist movement. His 'Back to Africa' campaign gave him the nickname of the "Black Moses". Furthermore, he became an inspiration to later civil rights activists. His views on separation from white society angered the government too. In addition, his Black Star Line ended in financial disaster and he was arrested on charges of fraud. He spent two years in jail and was deported to Jamaica and then moved to London, England. -
Great Migration
The Great Migration had a huge impact on urban life in the United States and was the movement of as many as six million African-Americans relocated to the North and West and occurred between 1916 and 1970. Mass migrations of African Americans occurred several times during the first half of the twentieth century. There have been debates on the causes of it since it began. The Great Migration occurred in the more rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West. -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that's caused by a terrifying event by either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts. It was also known as "war neurosis" or "combat stress".At the time, doctors soon found that many men suffering the symptoms of shell shock without having even been in the front lines.Many had experienced its symptoms during their military service. -
Communism
Communism is a idea in which wealth and power are shared equally among a classless society and in reality wealth and power are controlled by the state. Communists also tend to have limited personal freedoms due to leaders supported by the military. A single authoritarian party controls both the political and economic systems. Communist also spread to East Asia, largely through the influence of China. Communism spread to North Korea, which led to the Korean War between them and the U.S. -
Espionage Act
The Espionage Act is a United States federal law passed shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I. The Espionage Act prohibited individuals from expressing or publishing opinions that would interfere with the U.S. military's efforts to defeat Germany and its allies. Furthermore, the Espionage Act essentially made it a crime for any person to convey information intended to interfere with the U.S. armed forces prosecution of the war effort or to promote the success of the country's enemies. -
The Spanish Flu
The Spanish influenza pandemic killed many people in World War, at somewhere between 20 and 40 million people. It has been known as the most devastating epidemic inworld history. Symptoms include fever, nausea, aches and diarrhea. Dark spots would even appear on the cheeks and people would turn blue since they would be be suffocating. US military researchers refused treatment form the deadly pandemic in 1918 in order to stop the the effects of the flu. Eventually, it came to an end in 1919. -
Sedition Act
The Sedition Act was passed by Congress. The acts were designed by Federalists to limit the power of the opposition Republican Party, but enforcement ended after Thomas Jefferson was elected president. In addition, the Sedition Acts were passed by Congress in preparation for an anticipated war with France. As a result, a Federalist-controlled Congress passed four laws.The Federalist majority in Congress passed the Sedition Act. Furthermore, it was set as the only presidential term of John Adams. -
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
The U.S. forces that were sent to Europe during World War I were called the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). John J. Pershing commanded the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in Europe during World War I. In addition, Expeditionary Force is a generic name sometimes applied to a military force dispatched to fight in a foreign country. General John Joseph Pershing was designated the supreme commander of the American army in France, and the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) were created. -
Paris Peace Conference
The Paris Peace Conference was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I, to set the peace terms for the defeated Powers.It was signed by King George III and representatives of the US on ended the American Revolutionary War. President Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace. These points were later taken as the basis for peace negotiations at the end of the war. The purpose of the meeting was to establish the terms of the peace after World War. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. Furthermore, the Treaty of Versailles was the Peace Settlement between the Allies and Germany. The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI and started WWII less than 20 years later, because of how harshly it treated Germany and how angry Germans were about this. They forced Germany to admit all guilt for the war and required Germany to pay a large amount of money in reparations to the Allies. -
Volstead Act
The Volstead Act provided for the intent of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and is also known as the Prohibition Amendment. Later this act was voided by the Twenty-first amendment. Ultimately, the bill was vetoed by President Woodrow Wilson and it also covered wartime prohibition. Although his veto was overridden by the House on the same day, October 27, 1919, and by the Senate one day later. Furthermore, It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors -
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The 1920's
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18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment prohibited the production, transport, and sale of alcoholic beverages making them illegal.The 18th Amendment to the Constitution was to ratified in January 1919 and enacted in January 192. It was illegal to sell or make alcoholic beverages like beer, wine, and liquor. The Eighteenth Amendment is the only Amendment to ever have been repealed from the United States Constitution. The motivation for the 18th amendment was the desire to make a better society by outlawing alcohol. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment gave men and women with equal voting rights and was adopted on August 18,1920 The Nineteenth Amendment prohibited any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. At the time the U.S. was founded, its female citizens did not share all of the same rights as men, including the right to vote. Furthermore, the 19th amendment also unified suffrage laws across the United States. Overall, this amendment to the constitution gave women the right to vote in 1920. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States during the administration of Warren G. Harding. During the Teapot Dome scandal, Albert B. Fall was found guilty of accepting a bribe. Fall was the first individual to be convicted of a crime committed while a presidential cabinet member. Many men were associated with the Teapot Dome Scandal and were cabinet members such as Albert B. Fall and Edwin C. Denby, Harry F. Sinclair, Edward L. Doheny and Warren Harding. -
Albert Fall
Albert B. Fall. Albert Bacon Fall was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal. His acceptance of bribes for the leases resulted in the scandal. Fall accepted a large bribe to lease to private oil interests, without competitive bidding, naval oil reserve lands in the Teapot Dome reserve. He was convicted of bribery and served nine months of a one-year prison sentence. -
Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed into the United States. The Immigration Act of 1924 was passed in response to political and public opinion calling for restrictions on immigration from South-Eastern Europe following events in the US. One of the most important effects and significance was by using the US 1890 census. As a result, it excluded the foreign-born from South-Eastern Europe from quotas truly proportionate to their new numbers in the population. -
American Indian Citizenship Act
On June 2, 1924, Congress granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in the U.S. After the Indian Citizenship Act was granted, some Native Americans weren't allowed to vote. The fourteenth amendment was passed and didn't apply to Native Americans. They were not allowed to vote even if they were born in the country. This law gave Native Americans full citizenship in the United States including the right to vote but it wasn't until 1948 that they were allowed to vote in every state. -
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The Great Depression
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Valentine's Day Massacre
In the Valentine's Day Massacre, seven men were killed in a garage on the North side of Chicago and ordered by Al Capone, who was conveniently away in Miami at the time. It was also planned by McGurn and members of the Circus gang, imported hired killers are sent in the Moran warehouse to kill George "Bugs"Moran. This was one of the bloodiest days in mob history when 7 men were gunned down in Chicago. Al"Scarface" Capone rose to power after a rival gang was in mess as a result of the killings. -
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is the belief that white, wealthy, Americans were biologically superior to other groups during the Gilded Age. This theory was used for US government and political decisions during the era too. Social Darwinists held that the life of humans in society was a struggle for existence. Furthermore, Social Darwinism is a modern name given to various theories of society. In addition, Social Darwinism contributed to the idea that humans compete in astruggle for existence. -
Election of 1932
The presidential election was held on November 8, 1932 Franklin D Roosevelt beat Herbert Hoover in the election. Roosevelt's victory would be the first of five successive Democratic presidential wins. The election was the first held during the Great Depression, and it represented a dramatic shift in the political alignment of the country. The effects of the 1929 Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression were serious. The depression and Stock Market were issues of consequence in the campaign. -
20th amendment
The twentieth amendment gave details on the terms of office for Congress and the President. The 20th Amendment is important because it tried to eliminate presidents and legislators. It was also important because it failed. Before the 20th Amendment, the presidential term and the congressional term both started on March 4 of the year after the election. The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president. -
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried, men from relief families as part of the New Deal. The Civilian Conservation Corps was an innovative federally funded organization that put thousands of Americans to work during the Great Depression on projects with environmental benefits. The Civilian Conservation Corps was one of the most successful New Deal programs of the Great Depression. -
Adjustment Act (AAA)
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was put into place to help farmers out. It helped to improve farming practices, reduced farm production to raise prices, and gave a voice to farmers in the government. The Agricultural Adjustment Act paid farmers not to grow more than a certain amount of crops. The beef and pork resulting were then distributed. The purpose of the act was to restore agricultural prosperity by limiting farm production, reducing export surpluses, and raising prices -
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was enacted by Congress in June 16,1933. It was one of the measures by Roosevelt assisted the nation's economic recovery during the Great Depression. The act was a prime New Deal agency established by Roosevelt. The goal was to bring industry, labor, and government together to create codes and set prices. In addition, the Act was a labor law and consumer law passed by the Congress to authorize the President to regulate industry for fair wages, -
Glass-Stegall Act
The Glass-Steagall Act refers to 2 separate federal laws, the first was passed on February 27, 1932 and the second was passed on June 16, 1933. The second act is the law most people refer to as the Glass-Steagall Act and prohibited commercial banks from engaging in the investment business and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In addtion, the law was originally enacted as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program. In addition, the law became permanent in 1945. -
21st amendment
The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited alcohol. The 21st Amendment to the Constitution was passed and ratified. The 21st amendment was also an admission of the failure of prohibition, which led to people disrespecting the law and criminals to do well selling illegal alcohol to those that wanted it. Repealing the 18th amendment didn't make alcohol completely legal through the entire country. -
Wagner Act
The Wagner Act was signed by President Roosevelt. The Wagner Act was passed as part of FDR's series of New Deal Programs. Its purpose was to guarantee workers the right to organize Unions. The law set up the National Labor Relations Board. The Wagner Act was significant because it established the rights of employees to organize, join, or assist labor unions and to participate in collective bargaining through their representatives. The act prevented employers engaging in unfair labor practices. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. The Act is one of the most important pieces of legislation in American history. It was passed during the Great Depression and created a variety of programs. For instance, Medicare is insurance and a program to the elderly in paying bills and other health care bills. -
Neutrality Acts
The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that were passed in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia. The Neutrality Acts were designed to prevent the United States of America from being in a war. Furthermore, the series of Neutrality Acts imposed embargoes on trading in arms and war materials to any countries at war. The Act prohibited Americans from selling to any country at war too. In addition, the act also required that manufacturers in the had to apply for an export license. -
Neutrality Acts
The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that were passed in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia. The Neutrality Acts were designed to prevent the United States of America from being in a war. Furthermore, the series of Neutrality Acts imposed embargoes on trading in arms and war materials to any countries at war. The Act prohibited Americans from selling to any country at war too. In addition, the act also required that manufacturers in the had to apply for an export license. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
The Fair Labor Standards Act establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, record keeping, and child labor standards affecting full-time and part-time workers in the private sector and in Federal, State, and local governments. The act applies only to employers whose annual sales total $500,000 or more. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 originated in Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. It was a landmark piece of legislation that had a significant impact on the labor movement in the United States. -
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World War ll
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Battle of Leningrad
The Battle of Leningrad resulted in the deaths of millions of the city's civilians and Red Army defenders. Also, Leningrad was one of the initial targets of the German invasion too. The Germans maintained their siege with a single army, and defending Soviet forces numbered on the German-Soviet front. In addition, by the end of the siege, people are thought to have died from starving to death on Christmas Day. Furthermore, the first German artillery shell fell on Leningrad on September 1st, 1941. -
Internment Camps
Internment camps were similar to prisons since people were forced to move into an area that was surrounded by barbed wire and not allowed to leave. The camps were made because people became paranoid that Japanese-Americans would help Japan against the United States after the Pearl Harbor attack. They were scared that they would sabotage American interests too. Furthermore, this fear did not have any evidence. The people did not do anything wrong and were only put in the camps based on their race -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle of World War II. Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of a city in Russia.The Battle of Stalingrad is considered to have been the turning point in World War II too. The battle at Stalingrad defeated the German army. The Battle for Stalingrad was fought during the winter of 1942 to 1943. Many Germans had died in the fighting and was a great humiliation for Hitler. The battle was the first major German loss during World War II. -
D-Day
D-Day took place on Normandy, France and was code-named Operation Neptune because it involved a water landing by the Allies. It is the largest military operation by sea in history. It consisted of the Allied Forces of Britain, America, Canada, and France attacked German forces on the coast. The Allies attacked and gained a victory that became the turning point for World War II. It was also important because it was the main Allied invasion of continental Europe and allowed Germany to be defeated. -
Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur was best known for commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific during World War II.After the war, MacArthur took on the task of rebuilding Japan. The country was defeated and in ruins. At first, he helped to provide food for the starving people of Japan out of the armies supplies. He then worked to rebuild the infrastructure and government of Japan. Japan had a new democratic constitution and would eventually grow to become one of the largest economies in the world. -
Battle of the Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge was the last major Nazi offensive in World War II. Germany's defeat and the end of the war in Europe came at a lower cost in Allied lives than it would have. The Germans lost so many troops and equipment that there was no way their army could launch another attack on Allied forces. The Battle of the Bulge is important because it ruined the German army and ended the war. It was an attempt to push the Allied front line west from northern France to northwestern Belgium too. -
Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference was a meeting held between the United States, Great Britain and Russia. The Yalta Conference was led by the 'Big Three' heads of governments. The purpose of the Yalta Conference was to discuss the surrender and occupation of Nazi Germany, the defeat of Japan and peace plans for the post war world. Furthermore, several agreements reached during the Yalta Conference were broken and led to tensions between the United States and Russia which eventually led to the Cold War. -
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin was the last major battle in Europe. It resulted in the surrender of the German army and an end to Adolf Hitler's rule.The battle was fought between the German Army and the Soviet Army. The Soviet army outnumbered the Germans. Many of the German soldiers were sick, wounded, or starving. The German army included young boys and old men. The Battle of Berlin resulted in the surrender of the German army and the death of Hitler. The Soviet Union and the Allies won the battle. -
Fat man bomb
"Little Boy" is the nick name given to the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. The explosion was huge therefore the city was destroyed, and many of people were killed. The bomb was dropped by a plane named the Enola Gay. The bomb was over 10 feet long and weighed around 10,000 pounds. Despite witnessing the terrible destruction of the bomb on Hiroshima, Japan still refused to surrender. In addition, around 30% of the population of Hiroshima were killed.
