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Period: 3000 BCE to
Beginning to Explorations
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1200 BCE
Bloodletting in Mesoamerica
Bloodletting was a spiritual ritual that was started by the Olmec as a way to "speak to the gods" by offering blood. There were specific circumstances that had to be met so that the bloodletting is successful. There are as followed
-conducted by a noble
-at the beginning and end of calendar cycles or when a new king is appointed
-on top of a temple or a sacred room -
250
Mayan Caste System
The Mayan caste system is one of the first of its kind. The classes were very rigid meaning that when you are in a certain class there is not going to be a huge chance that you will move up in class. There are 3 tiers which separates into the upper class, middle class and lower class. The upper class is mainly for rulers, nobles and priests. Middle class are business men, soldiers/warriors and merchants. The lower class were farmers, peasants, workers and slaves. -
1000
Introduction of horses
The Plain Tribes were the main users of the horses at the time due to the vast amount of land that they have to pass in order to hunt. When the Spanish brought the horses over, they were able to be more successful in their hunting able to carry bigger and heavier loads which makes moving around much easier for the tribes thus covering more ground. However there are some downside because now they are more frequently running into other tribes causing competition and warfare. -
1340
Black Death
A medieval pandemic killed 25 million people from Asia to Europe. This plague was caused by a bacterial infection from rodents and their fleas. Since around this time, there was not good hygiene, it was not surprised that there were rodents living among us. also large population in close quarters didn't make it hard for the plague to go from person to person. there were different types like Bubonic which was most common, pneumonic, and septicemic plague. It killed 1 in every 5 resident. -
1494
Colombian Exchange
Its the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technology between both sides of the Atlantic which started after Columbus's discovery of the New World. This exchange opened up one world into a total different world. It changed our way of living, more varieties of food, and new species for scientist to learn about. Natives however got the short end of the stick. They were wiped out by the diseases that the Europeans brought over and it was only the beginning. -
1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
A treaty between Spain and Portugal that splits the new land that Christopher Columbus found. The treaty states that everything west of the imagery line like the new world is property of Spain while everything east like Brazil and other is property of Portugal. However this treaty completely ignored the fact that there were already millions of people settled in those lands. The treaty also ignores the future claim of other European superpowers. -
1500
Fur trading
It all started when Jacques Cartier came to the New world in search of gold, but instead found furs and fish. early contant with the natives people introduced us to the fur traded. Using the resources given to them, they began to make fur coats and other clothing made of animal fur. The first nations brought to trade with Europeans for food. Soon news travels about the furs and suddenly it was in demand. Causing the fur trade to happen. -
Croatoan
The word Croatoan is just a part of a mystery about the lost colony of Roanoke. The colony was founded in August 1585 by English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh. They ran into many problems and was running low on food so Raleigh decides to go back to England to gather supplies and come back. He left 100 settlers behind under John white. But when they came back, no one was found. The only clue that was given about their disappearance is the word CROATOAN carved into a post and CRO into a tree. -
Period: to
English Colonies Societies
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Indentured Servitude
With more settlements in the new world, they were in need of servants and workers and more people would like to go to the new world, but do not have the money. So they came up with a contract, indentured "slaves" work for an owner for a certain amount of time in exchange that the owner pay for their trip to the new world. after the contract time period is up, they are allow to be free in the new world. Some go and build their own places while others stay with the owners that brought them over. -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first democratic government that was established in the colonies. The men of the Plymouth colony called pilgrims were the one that formed the document. They named it after the ship that they were on towards the new world, Mayflower. They used this document to choose their own leaders and make laws that they all agree to follow. It is significant because the future government of America is similar to the Mayflower Compact. -
Sugar in the Caribbean colonies
The Caribbean colonies are famous for their sugar cane. American values this as a cash crop and was in very high demand. They called it "sweet salt". Because sugar was in such big demand, the Caribbeans were of great value to America. This also caused for the increase of slave population in order to keep up with the demand. soon after that slaves will out number the whites in the region. The Barbados was the main island that produced it. -
The Atlantic slave trade
Slaves have been in demand since america was discovered. They are needed in mass quantities to harvest the cash crops that are in such big demand. Boat crosses the Atlantic to America tightly packed with slaves. The conditions on the boat were horrendous, no room to move, badly sanitation conditions, disease everywhere, starvation. More than 10% of the slaves died on the way. They weren't send directly to the plantations, they were trained first and then shipped to work on the mainland. -
Triangular Trade
Triangular trade started after Christopher Columbus discovered the new world that has brand new and mass quantity of resources. the trade of raw materials lumber, tobacco, sugars, and fur from the new world to Britain, Britain used them to make manufactured good and trade with Africa, who trade slaves to the new world to harvest the raw materials. It makes a shape of triangle hence the name Triangular Trade. -
Sir Isaac Newton
He played a major role in the Enlightenment era. He had discovered gravity one day when an apple fell on top of his head. He then begins to question why it does that and that sparked the continuation of questions that will evolve the science society. Soon after he came up with the 3 laws of motion and invented calculus. His ideas and groundbreaking discoveries soon became the center of the Enlightenment era. -
Salem Witch trials
It was from 1692 to 1693 where a series of prosecutions and council hearing about women being accused of witchcraft. Many were suspected and killed. They had tests to see if they really are a witch but none were fair. Like they thought that when they threw a witch into a lake, if they float they were deemed a witch but if they drowned then they are not a witch. But then if you drown you die if you float you also die. The trails all started with a Minister's daughter who was acting strangely. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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The Great Awakening
The Great awakening was a time of spiritual renewal through out the colonies, more so in the New England colonies. They started to realize that the Church of English was not living up to their expectation. They started questioning why do they have to follow a religion from another country that is on the other side of the world. They soon began to stray away from the church of England and began joining other groups and religions. They were no longer afraid to be their own individual
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Colonial Economics: Lower South
The lower south economic are agriculture based. The reason behind this is because the geography of the land in the south. The south has very fertile and nutritious land, climate is humid and hot, lots of land and space which is all perfect for growing crops. To help with harvesting crops and meeting the demand of the cash crops, slave are needed and soon it will take up most of the population of the south. The South is all about the money, the more the better. -
Georgia: The Buffer Colony
Georgia was at first a penal colony which is where they put exiled prisoners and debtors away from general population. They were transfer there to be cleanse of their mistakes. They wanted them to be in a pure environment and teach them enlightenment ideas. Then it turned into a buffer colony which is military buffer zone protecting valuable South Carolina against the Spanish colonists in Florida. The colony is named after King George II. -
Colonial differences by region
The different colonies, New England, Chesapeake, and Southern Colonies all have different features due to their different regions. In the New England area up north there is not a lot of fertile soil but there is fishing and ports. In the Chesapeake area which is around upper Virginia there is perfect soil and temperature to grow tobacco. In the Southern colonies in the lower south is has very humid climate, very fertile soil, and lots of land perfect for farming cotton and other cash crops. -
French and Indian War
This war is also known as the Seven Year War. England, French and Spain were fighting over territory. The colonies and Great Britain wanted more land to the west so Britain declared war. However Britain was losing, Spain had join France against Britain but by the end of the war, the peace treaty gave British received Canada from France and Florida from Spain, but permitted France to keep its West Indian sugar islands and gave Louisiana to Spain. It was the first war to included everyone. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris 1763 was the treaty that ended the first war that involved the major players of the world, France, Spain, and Great Britain. The terms of the treaty is that France gives up all the main land territory of North America and gives Spain Louisiana. This is significant because it helped eliminate any threats on the colonies by surrounding enemies from the north and south as well as opening the Mississippi valley which clears a way for the upcoming Manifest destiny. -
Townshend Act
After the French and Indian war, Great Britain was left in debt so they decided to tax the colonies in order to pay off the debt. There were 2 taxation before the Townshend act. This act was a tax on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies. This did not agree with the colonies and soon after more taxes, it will cause the start of the Revolutionary war. -
Boston Massacre
It all started in when a group of Bostonians began throwing snowballs filled with rocks at a group of red coats. They were outraged at the taxes that were opposed on them by Great Britain. The soldiers were under order not to fire, but when one of the soldiers got hit in the head, they fired off into the crowd. The one shot lead to more shots and soon there was 5 dead and many other wounded. Colonies were outraged when they heard and because of it, Britain repeals the Townshend act -
American Militias
There was not a standing army ready to fight the war for the colonies. What they did have was a groups of men who were self trained in weapons, tactics and military strategies. They could get ready within a minute which is why they are called minutemen. They made up the militia of the 13 colonies as well as regular men that wanted to fight. The militia was poorly supplied and trained, they were no match against the great army of Britain but better than no army at all. -
Shot Heard Around the World
It was at first battle of the war, The Battle of Lexington and Concord. British troops were sent to Lexington to confiscated their weapons but the night before Paul Revere did a midnight ride and warned the colonies that the British were coming. So instead of meeting weapons they meet with the colony's militia. The shot heard around the world refers to the first shot that no one knew which side fired first, but it was the beginning of the war. -
Guerrilla Warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a type of new military tactic that helped the colonies win their freedom from Great Britain. The way of war back then happened was the armies would stand in a line unprotected shooting in a row one set at a time. American took a different turn and used guerrilla warfare which includes ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military -
Declaration of Independence: Thomas Jefferson
He was a founding father and was in charge of creating a draft of the Declaration of Independence. He created this document with the help of other documents like the Virginia Declaration of rights and Virginia constitution. He did a great job, but still the rest of the founding father revised his document a lot. He did not take it well, but still allow them to do it. It was completed on July 2nd,1819, but was not signed until the 4th. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
The Treaty of Paris 1783 is the treaty that ended the Revolutionary war. The terms are that negotiated are that Great Britain recognized American independence, establishes the northern border with British, North american, Canada, will restore loyalist properties, both nations will have access to Mississippi river and that the United states will receive frontier land to Mississippi River. It all happens after the last battle of the war. the Battle of Yorktown with a win for the Americans. -
Problems with the British: Native Americans
The Native Americans were known to be pushed out of their land and also raids and native attacks against the colonies. That why they teamed up with British in the Revolution hoping that the colonies will lose and natives will get their land back. They lost however but the British still gave the natives weapons and supplies like guns and such other things to attack the colonies. They were also neglected in the Constitution with no representative to speak on their behalf. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Problems of the Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation is was the first government system in America and it was not very good. It had a lot of problems like not being able enforce taxes, not able to give or claim land, constant shortage of funds, they printed out too much money so it led to devaluation of currency, also in major debt from the war. It also doesn't help that the states did not want to comply to anything that was under the articles. That's when the founders decided to throw away this one. -
The 3 Branches of the Constitution
When the Founding fathers created the Constitution, they made 3 branches, executive, legislative, and judiciary. However they only completed executive and the legislative branch. They left the judiciary incomplete on purpose for a different time. They came up with the Connecticut plan for the legislative, the Congress is also going to be in this branch. The executive branch is where the president is going to be. It is also the modern day as well. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion was the breaking point for the Articles of confederation. The rebellion was about the recession, the articles took away land from the farmers which was basically their lively hood and the farmers led by Daniel Shay started to protest. The articles was not able to control this situation. Because of this event that the founding fathers realized it was time to throw away this government and start brand new. -
Connecticut Plan
More commonly known as the Great Compromise. During this time there were many arguments about how to make the voting fair in both north and south. The plan is bi-cameral legislature with every state having 2 senators and the number of house representatives depends on the population of your state. This was a compromise of the Virginia plan and the New jersey plan so that it equally allows fair voting hence its name "The Great Compromise". -
The Great Debate
It was a series of protest and debate over which party should superior the federalist who supported constitution, all powerful central government, oppose Bill of Rights or anti federalist who supported less government, States' rights, supported bill of rights. However in the end the Federalist will win. -
Period: to
The New Republic
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Republicanism
After the revolutionary war and formation of the Constitution, there was a surge of republicanism. Republicanism means that you have preference for non monarchical government and a strong dislike of hereditary monarchy. Which is why the colonies did not want to be controlled by the British anymore. They also had a lot of pride in the American virtue and our country. -
Bank of United States
The Bank of United States was Alexander Hamilton idea to regulate the economy and stabilize the currency. Also that everyone could make loans deposits and allow private investors to thrive. However this sets off the problem if the bank is constitutional or not. Some feared that the government would have too much power and the parties are stirring up. But then Washington sided with Hamilton and the bank of United states are made. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of rights consist of the 10 amendments of the United states. They were made and pass through congress and all those branches. The Bill of Rights is to guarantees individual rights and liberties to citizens that the government cannot take away. It also lists out what the government cannot do. It was written by James Madison in 1789 but officially ratified in 1791. It was also one of the arguing difference between federalist and anti- federalist. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was the first rebellion when constitution was in power and the first real test of the constitution. The rebellion started when the constitution issued a tax on buying whiskey, imports and exports of whiskey. That caused an issue for the farmers because it effects their money profits. the rebellion started to get bigger but because of the new constitution, Washington was able to put down the rebellion quick and easy. It showed people that the constitution is strong. -
Cotton Gin
This invention changed the agriculture game for good. Cotton at first already a labor heavy cash crop that takes a long time to collect, take out the seeds and send it to the north to manufacture. But with the invention you can process the crop faster and export faster to make a lot more money. You would think that this would decrease for slaves, but it did the complete opposite. They needed more slaves to harvest and make way more money. The cotton gin was a very important invention. -
Jay's Treaty
After the revolution there were many problems with the British like the exports from Americas to British were being blocked so they cant make money, they were fighting over the forts that united states was suppose to give back, and British impressment on american sailors. Because of all of this, John Jay was sent to negotiate and it worked out. The treaty kept peace between the two side, but mnay did not like the treaty. -
Washington's Farewell Address
At the end of Washington 2nd term of presidency, he wrote a farewell address. It said that the limit of a presidency is only 2 terms no exceptions, he also does not want the united states to take any sides, being neutral is good. He does not want us to have permanent alliance but temporary alliances are okay. All in all he just wants us to stay out of troubles and continue to be us. -
The XYZ Affair
During Adam's presidency, Jay's treaty was signed between the British and America and that became a problem for the French. They saw that as an act of betrayal and as a result they began to seize american merchant ships. So in order to help settle the tension between France,Adams decided to send 3 diplomats to restore peace. But however the french foreign minster wanted a bribe and a loan for the French. This created an uproar and there was threat to start a war. -
Period: to
Age of Jefferson
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Marbury v. Madison
The Marbury vs Madison case is the most important supreme court case because it sets up the judicial review. The case started off when Madison withheld and refused to deliver commission to Marbury and the other appointees. Marbury was furious and took it to court. Chief Justice John Marshal was the judge of this case and ruled that Marbury was entitled to the position. The supreme court jurisdiction therefore setting up Judicial Review -
Sacagawea
Sacagawea played a major role in the Lewis and Clark expedition. They could not have survive the trip without her because she helped with many elements. For example she helped talk to the natives when they came upon them on the way because she was Lemhi Shoshone woman and they seem to trust women than men, she also helped save priceless research and collection of plants when their boat tipped over, she helped them survive in the wild. By the end of the trip she went back to her tribe. -
Impressment
Impressment was one of the main problems that started the war of 1812 or some people called it the second revolutionary war. Impressment was when the British raided american ships and took Americans on board to their ships and kept them captive and made them work on the boat. It was really bad and United states began to think that British still does not see the colonies as a independent state. -
Star Spangled Banner
Written by Francis Scott Key during the War of 1812 from a British ship where he was held captive. He watched the battle go on through the night and wrote a poem about. The very end when the fog had lifted and our flag was still standing was in his poem and now our national song that we sing at every major event. But what people didn't know that there was another verse to the song that has to deal with discrimination that was not included. -
North vs South
The North and South are very different sides of the Americas. There are many difference that split the two and the tension between the two are going to make them clash and fight each other. The 2 major difference is their economy and their opinion about slavery. The north was very industrialized and makes a lot of money by fast mass production and they were against slavery. The south was not yet industrialized yet, they were agriculture based and because of that, they were not against slavery. -
Change of Transportation
In the industrialization era, everything improves and changes like transportation. things went from dirt roads, ships only on the coast to having railroads running through towns, canals in the rivers, steamboats, and modern roads. This improves how faster people and goods get from place to place. It also reduces the prices of transportation. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Battle of New Orleans: Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson was the general of the american army in the last battle of the war. He was the most strong head aggressive, intimating and a great general. He had a hatred for British since of his past so it also fueled his passion to defeat the British. What he didn't know that the war was already over 2 months before this battle. However Jackson won the battle and because of this battle Americans realized that we are strong enough to stand on our own. -
Southern Societies
During the Industrialization era, the southern states did not urbanized, they did improve some stuff like the cotton gin but other than that they stayed how they were. But there was also the development of classes. The order of classes goes planters, yeomen farmer, and then tenant farmers. Honor, reputations, and classes are very important to the southerners and duels are very common. Slavery is also the main component in the south. It is what makes the south the south. -
Temperance Movement
This was a social movement to ban the consumption of alcohol drinks. People who supported this movement was mostly women and some of those who were effected by someone who was intoxicated. Consumption of alcohol during this time was bad, worst than it is now This leads to violence towards each other and spousal abuse. -
Mass production
Industrialization era includes industrializing factories making them bigger and improved to take on mass production. Things went from hand crafted objects to machinery built. Because of mass production things that were considered luxury goods are now goods that are more affordable. Mass productions also put out artisans out of business because no one would buy expensive hand crafted stuff if they were sold for very cheap if mass produced. -
Fur Trades
The fur trades began when hunters (trappers) look for gold in the Western frontier but found animals with soft thick furs. So they began to hunt them and trade their fur for other goods. Soon the fur coats and anything fur related will be huge demand so much that the animals were almost hunted to extinction. However as fast as it got population it was so decline fairly quickly because the fashion changed. -
Period: to
Cultural changes
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Era of Good Feeling
The Era of Good Feeling was referring to the peace that was brought after the War of 1812. After winning the Battle of New Orleans, United states took this win as a new sign that if we defeated the biggest baddest nation at the time, we could stand as a whole nation ourselves. After that war everything was a peace, no wars or major problems erupted and all in all everyone was happy. -
Slums
Slums are urban areas where it is highly populated where people live in close quarters, poorly structured barely standing units, and just horrible living conditions. These slums are usually occupied by the most impoverished persons. These form due to the rapidly growing populations also known as urbanization. -
Prisons
Prisons during the Second Great Awakening was different. They had penitentiary where prisoners were isolated. A form of sentences was either locking thing in a all white room or in total darkness. They were constantly watched. The mentally ill have yet to have a facility to themselves or an asylum so the were confined with general population. However they will soon make their own prison ayslums -
Election of 1824
At this election there was no successor so there was an all out race between 4 candidates; John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, and Henry Clay. But really the race was between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams. During that election there is an popular vote and an electoral college vote. Jackson had won the popular vote but lost the electoral college vote to Adams. So Adams won and Jackson was angry and bitter. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Gradualism
Gradualism was one of the two types of abolitionist. Gradualism means that they are freeing slaves gradually to Africa. The slaves go back to Liberia, but in that area it was never popular with African Americans. They were taken to a place that they have never been before, but was suppose to fit in. -
Election of 1828
This election is part 2 of the election in 1824. This time there are just 2 candidates, John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. Adams presidency before was not a good one, the public sees him as a coward from the actions during his term so he does not have the upper hand in this election. Jackson is determined to win so he changed his strategy. In his campaign he boast about his military accomplishments and says something about humble origins. -
California Gold Rush
Everyone is crazy for gold, it was the fastest way to get rich and that what most people want. So when there was talk about gold in California, people began to race to migrate to California to cash in. At first gold was easy to find but as more people started to come, gold had to be mined for. This was very dangerous work but they wanted that gold. Chinese migration also occur when they heard there was gold. This is called the California Gold rush -
Spoils system
The Spoils system was created during Andrew Jackson Presidency term. The Spoils system is replaced bureaucracy with own supporters. This means that Jackson appoints people that he knows or supports his party. -
Change in communication
Communication also advanced during the Industrialization era. The invention of the telegraph allowed people to send each other Morse code in order to communicate. The printing press has also improves to modern day press which allowes for more papers and faster news to past around the North. And where there is news there is also going to developed of reporters and press. -
Mormons
Mormons were farmers and traders that were hurt by industrialization, so they decided to move away from the cities and from their own church called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. They were led by Joseph Smith. Mormons were different because they had multiple wives and were looked down apon because of that. They weren't excepted anywhere so they had to move away and isolate themselves so they aren't judged -
Nature
After all this industrialization and machinery, people need a change of scenery. The development of parks was a new idea but very well liked. It gave the people a change to getaway from the fast paces life. There was so the development of cemeteries and it will follow the same designs. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground railroad was not an actual railroad. It was a series of safe houses and places where slaves could hide out for a night or to hide from the slave hunters.These were set up by abolitionist and people who did not agree with slavery or anyone who wants to help slaves get to the north to escape their horrible lifestyle. It was not organised nor together in any shape or way. Just separate groups trying to strive to get one goal done, help slaves escape to the north. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
The Nat Turner's Rebellion is the most effective and largest slave rebellion ever in history. the rebellion started with Nat Turner, a slave himself that could read and write. He was very religious and thought that it was his destiny to led the rebellion, so that what he did. The slave rebellion went down from house to house killing slave owners and freeing slaves. After that he fled into hiding only to be caught and hanged along with 16 other followers. -
Election of 1832
This election is between Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay and William Wirt. Clay decides to set up Jackson, he knew Jackson hated Bank of United States. Clay made congress approve to the 2nd bank of United States and because Jackson hated it so much he would have to veto which makes Jackson looks bad and therefore Clay would have a chance to win votes. But in Clay dismay, his plan backfires when Jackson gave a Bank veto speech and common man liked it and that caused him to beat clay by a land slide -
Whig party
This party formed in the opposition of Jackson and democratic party. It was founded by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. They support the Congress having more power than the President and they favor modernization, banking, and economic protectionism to stimulate industrialization. -
Fredrick Douglas
Fredrick Douglas was a African american reformer, abolitionist, author, speaker and so many other things. He is going to be the first African american citizen to hold a US government rank. He was a very accomplished even though he was born into slavery. He supported women rights, gave advice to many presidents, and was a major component to many other events. -
Antonio Lopez De Santa Ana
Antonio Lopez De Santa Ana was a great general for the mexico army. Soon he will become the dictator of Mexico. So when Texas wanted to secede from Mexico Santa Ana did not like it and we were soon in war. He led the army to fight but due to his overconfidence Sam Houston defeated him. -
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto was very significance to the war because it was the last battle of the war that won Texas their independence. It was also the battle where Santa Ana was captured by the General of the Texas Militia, Sam Houston. The battle was a sneak attack on the Mexico army along the San Jacinto river. Within 20 mins they had defeated the army and captured Santa Ana. -
Panic of 1837
This panic was under Martin Van Buren or also known as Old Kinderhook (OK). He had barley won the election, but this was a bad time to be president. Before he took over, Jackson was president and had defunded the Bank of United states. This caused a major recession which led to bad economy that Buren had inherited when he took presidency. This caused the panic and earned Martin Van Buren the nickname "Martin Van Ruin" -
Trail of tears
The trail of tear was what the Cherokee Indians called this devastating event. This was during Jackson term and he hated Indians. He set out to have them removed from the united states so first he came up with the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and that enacted the Indians to give up land in the east and move west to an area that is now modern day Oklahoma. This migration was very tough, many Indians died of starvation, disease, and exhaustion. Over 4,000 out of 15000 dead during the Trail of tears. -
Police task
Because of the growing population in the cities and everyone is living really close to each other there are bound to have problems between the neighborhoods. The North is like a giant melting pot of people of different religion, ethnicity, race and genders. This will cause many problems like discrimination, gender bias and just disagreements. So to help fix and control this problem, the first police task force formed. -
Election of 1840
This election was between Martin Van Buren and William Henry Harrison who was part of the Whig party. They began spreading rumors about Buren. another tactic to win they began to get women to influence their husband to vote for Harrison. Because of all of the campaigning Harrison won by a landslide, but he did not last long. He is going to be known as the shortest lived president. He had gotten sick after giving a 2 hour speech in the cold, he died a month after being elected president. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny is the idea that We, Americans have a duty to be a Continental nation. Stretching from Atlantic to Pacific, ocean to ocean. There is also this attitude that Americans have during this time that will make us succeed in this task. this attitude also fuels western settlements, native american removal and make a war with Mexico. -
Period: to
Western Expansion
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Popular Sovereignty
Popular sovereignty was an effect of the Mexican-american war. With the newly aquired states, they decided to let them have popular sovereignty which means that the state can decided to be a free or slave state. They didn't want to upset the balance in the original 13 colonies. -
Mexican American War
One of the causes of the war was when Texas annex from Mexico but Mexico never acknowledge Texas as independent so when America wanted Texas, Mexico said that they did not have the right to cross their territory. There were also a lot of confusion on borders, and somehow they crossed paths near the Rio Grande and Mexican Army opened fired and that was the start of the war. Americans will win the war and take territory away from Mexico. -
Gringo
During the war this is what the Mexican army called the American, gringo. It's from song the Green Grows the Lilacs, it was said that Americans sang this song as they marched and some people from mexico began calling them Gringos and the name stuck. It will soon be a terms used to say foreigner (Americans mostly). -
Seneca Falls Convention
This convention was the beginning of women suffrage and in New York. They were trying to fighting for economic rights, equal paychecks and the right to vote. The leader of the convention is Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Matt. Frederick Douglas was a supporter and some men too. There were about 300 men and women there. They wrote the declaration of sentiments and resolution that advocates women rights. -
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Sectionalism
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Fugitive Slave Act
Runaway slave are getting more popular due to abolitionist and other factors. Because of that Congress passes the Fugitive slave act which says that any slave (in the north mostly) that looks suspicious of running way could be caught and sent back. Also since there was no photographs yet, if an slave owner claims that you are his slave you have to go back with them even if you are free. Slaves have to have paperwork. Also no one should be helping hiding a slave but should instead turn them in. -
Industrialization vs. Agriculture: South
The south did not industrialize very much, only in the northern areas in the south have smaller version of cities. In the south, cotton is king, agriculture is their main source of income. The other crops that are grown are tobacco, sugar, and rice. Over 4 million slaves are working to plant, take care of, and harvest those crops. They depended on the North so they can earn money. The south tried to industrialize but they couldn't so they resented the north for it. -
Industrialization vs agriculture: North
The north will continue industrialization, steam engine will be a big factor, and because of all the job opportunities immigrants will flock and provide cheap labor. Cites will grow exponential rate. along with steam engine railroads is a major factory that will connect the east and west sides of the north. However the north depends on the south to give them raw material to manufacture and railroads will help make the transport of those goods to the north faster. -
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas was granted popular sovereignty but has yet to choose a side. So abolitionists started to settle in Kansas to make Kansas an antislavery state which would upset the balance. Pro slavery started to cheat by saying they live there to vote for pro slavery in the election. Because of this Kansas will have 2 separate government. But what makes this bleeding Kansas is with abolitionists and pro slavery start to attack each other. But in the end Kansas still hasn't chosen a side, -
Secession of Southern states
After the John Brown's raid the south had enough of these threat to their livelihood, there was talk of seceding. However the thing that tipped the south to secede is when Lincoln was elected president. Everyone knows that he was against slavery (even though in reality he really didn't care). The south did not like that so they began to secede. South Carolina is the first state to leave the Union and may followed after. They named themselves the Confederate states of American. -
Neutral states
Neutral states are also known as border states. They will remain neutral during the war. These states are Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Deleware. They were slave states that did not leave the union. -
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The Civil War
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Northern Cotton Embargo
The south had made an embargo on cotton. But because it was such a high demanded crop, those who paid for the cotton had to pay a higher price. This also pressured the British industry along with the French industry to petition their governments. -
Clara Barton
Clara Barton was also refereed to the angel of the battle field because of her work. She worked as a hospital nurse, but during the American Civil war she went out to the battle field to patch up soldiers. Not only was she a nurse she was also a teacher and a patent clerk. Most significantly She was the founder of the Red cross. She was a very accomplishment woman. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was made from Abraham Lincoln that basically forces the Confederate to rejoin the Union. The Proclamation says that if the southern states aren't rejoin by January 1, 1863 then all the slaves in those slaves are free. This started when he saw that slaves started to flee towards that North. -
Gettysburg
The Gettysburg was a battle that lasted 3 days. The first day, confederate (south) advance on the Union (north) position. The second day, they were just fighting back and forth between the south and north. The third day is when thing started to go haywire. The Union destroys a charge up the center by Confederates. General Robert E. Lee was forced to retreat back to the south and that caused them to lose 1/3 of his army. -
Election of 1864
This election was between Abraham Lincoln and George McClellan. Lincoln was not confident in this election, he was afraid that he was going to lose the election. Democrats nominated George McClellan so he wasn't so sure if he was going to win. But after Sherman's capture of Atlanta, Lincoln got a boost. And he does win, fairly easily too. -
Wade-Davis Bill
This bill was written by two republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland for the reconstruction of the south. This requires 50% of a states's white male take a loyalty oath to be readmitted to the Union. This bill also made the states give black males the right to vote. The bill passed both houses of congress, however President Lincoln did not want to sign it and vetoed it and it was never passed. -
Freedmen's Bureau
Freedmen's Bureau was also known as US bureau of Refugees and Freedmen and Abandoned land. This was set up by congress to help freed black slaves and very poor white men in the South after the Civil war. They help provide food, housing, building school and all the bare minimum however they could not be fully supported because they were always short on fund. There were 4 million people that were in the same situation so there was not enough funds to help a lot. -
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Recontruction Era
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Assassination of Lincoln
5 days after the surrender of Robert E. Lee, which ended the war, Lincoln went to attend a play at Ford's Theater in Washington DC. A shooter named John Wilkes Booth was waiting to shoot Lincoln and he was successful. Lincoln dies the next day. They held a funeral for him which attracted millions to come see it using the railroads. He is the first president to be assassinated. -
KKK
KKK stands for Ku Klux Klan. They formed during the reconstruction era. Their goal was to restore the power for the southern who favored the Confederacy and to do that they needed to make the reconstruction government weak. They wanted to remake the South so it is better and have more equality like racial equality. -
Freedom amendments
After the Civil war there were additions to the bill of rights, 13th amendment abolished slavery from the united states, the 14th amendment gave birth right citizenship to free slave and the 15th amendment provide free slaves (males) to right to vote. Funny thing is that it did not take long for people to vote for black officials after they were allowed to run for a position. -
Election of 1868
This election was between Ulysses S. Grant and Horatio Seymour. During this time Ulysses S. Grant was very popular in the north because he was a main component in winning the civil war. He was the nominated candidate for the republicans. Horatio Seymour was nominated by the democrats because they didn't know who else. They were really close in the popular vote but Ulysses S. Grant had won. On top of that he won by a landslide in the electoral votes. Ulysses S. Grant is the next president. -
Whiskey Ring Scandal
This was a scam earning millions of dollars by evading the tax. Whiskey distillers would bribe the federal agents with massive amounts of money and in return they help them evade federal taxes on their whiskey export. So instead of paying 75 cents a gal, they only pay 35 cents. Both made great money so it was a happy trade so its kept going. The corruption and dirty politicians and federal agents spread everywhere. -
The Compromise of 1877
This compromise was made to settle the most disputed presidential election. The popular vote and electoral votes were so close between Rutherford B. Hayes, Republican and Samuel J. Tilden, Democratic. They struck a deal giving Hayes the 20 missing votes which declares him the next president. The compromise did however made the republicans withdraw federal troops in the south thus ending the Reconstruction.
