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Congress of Racial Equality Founded
Civil Rights: protect everyone's rights from the government.
-it was founded by students
-it was governed by blacks, immigrants, and social workers.
-the first thing they did was a sit in at a coffee shop. -
Jackie Robinson Hired to the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Color Line: a barrier separating blacks and whites sports.
Jackie Robinson was the first black person to play MLB baseball.
He was insulted and harassed by fans. Players tried to hit him or spike him with their cleats. -
Executive Order 9982
Executive is a law signed by the Truman administration that said It is hereby declared to the policy of the president that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin. -
Malcolm X Advocated for Black Nationalism
Nation of Islam: a religious group of Islam that believed that blacks were Earth's first people.
-Malcolm X spent a lot of his life in prison.
-Malcolm X was featured in a television show called The Hate That Hate Produced. -
Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
class-action lawsuit: a group of people filing lawsuit
-It was a group of cases that were filed based on segregation.
-They wanted schools to be non-segregated. -
Start of Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Bus Boycott: blacks nog to bus to protest civil rights.
-people walked, carpooled, and used black taxis for transportation.
-buses could not make money because they were empty. -
Integration of Central High School
Little Rock 9: 9 students who were the first to join white school in Little Rock Arkansas.
-they could not attend school at times because of riots
-each student had a bodyguard to protect them -
First Lunch Counter Sit-Ins
sit-it: sitting down in a public place to protest
-blacks who participated were attacked by customers and owners
-students used sit ins at Woolsworth cafe everyday. -
Freedom Rides
Freedom Ride: protesting by riding in a bus across country.
-1 bus was burned down by KKK.
-rides were organized by CORE. -
Black Panther
Black Power: group of activists that were not focused on nonviolent protesting.
SNCC: Students nonviolent coordinating Committee
-blacks and the nation of islam were influenced by the leaders Malcom X and Huey Newton, Bobby Steale
-were okay with violence
-wanted to make change- developed a 10 point platform to achieve their goals. -
Letter From Birmingham Jail
Birmingham Campaign: Non-violent organized sit-ins and marches to end racism.
-Letter was written from jail by MLK.
-Organized by ACMHR and SCLC. -
March on Washington
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
-blacks from across the country marched Washington D.C.
-MLK said his famous "I had a dream speech" -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
LBJ put it in action after Kennedy's death.
The Plessy v. Ferguson case was a case that stopped banks from being white biased.
It banned discrimination. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
disenfranchise: not allowing people to vote
-outlaws discriminatory voting practices in the south
-signed in by LBJ -
Watts Riot
Kerner Commission: group to investigate riots.
-Riots that led to looting and large fights.
-started with 1 fight -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Fair Housing Act: Giving everyone equal housing opportunities.
-Provided equal housing for everyone based on race, religion, gender.
-Made intimidated segregation a federal crime -
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg board of education
desegregation:ending segregation of people by race
-school and the black students being bussed to the school
-bussing is a way for school to desegregate -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Ruling
Affirmative action: policy that favors those who are victims of discrimination
-Supreme court ruled that colleges were being unconstitutional.
-race could be considered in choosing a diverse student body
