Daniele- Renaissance Timeline

The fall of Rome

476

Rome was overrun by a lot of tribes that wanted its a loot and its land. Rome was too big to self sustain its massive army. Between that and the repeated assaults of the nomadic tribes Rome could not hold together, it split and the Western half fell. The Eastern half, under the name of the Byzantine empire, will continue to exist for another millenia. This will destabilize Europe until Charlemagne unites it again. The time between these two empires is widely referred to as the dark ages.

The beginning of crusades

Jan 1, 1096

The Crusades were a series of “Holy” wars fought by Christians against Muslims to retake Jerusalem. Even though most of the fighting was inconclusive it spurred trade and travel because there was new goods to be sold. This will be the beginning of the end of feudalism because it will bring many problems such as towns, trade and the middle class.

The magna carta

Jan 1, 1209

The Magna Carta was forced upon King John of England by his feudal barons. The document said that he must hand over lots of his powers to them and the church. They did this because they were worried about him getting too powerful. When the king signed this document it changed power relationships in europe forever because the nobles got more and the king was restrained. There will be some kings who go against this but to this day it is still a major piece of legislation regarding the monarchy.

Rise of towns and trade

Jan 1, 1300

Towns and trade undermined the feudal relationships because the people who worked in the towns were not controlled by nobles. The towns paid with money not land. Land currency wan one of the main pillars of the feudal system. With more stress on the trade from the Crusades the towns had to increase capacity and more people came. The people who came abandoned the feudal system and therefore less power was put on the system.

Bubonic Plague begins

Feb 28, 1347

The plague begins and soon takes over Europe killing a third of the population

The Renaissance begins

Jan 1, 1350

The Renaissance was an intellectual and artistic movement. Art began to grow and expand and at this time science was created

Daniele- Renaissance Timeline

Period: Jan 1, 1350 to Dec 31, 1600

A timeline of the renaissance and the impact on Europe.

Platonism arrives in Italy

Jan 1, 1397

Manuel Chrysoloras travels from Constantinople to Florence to promote the study of Plato. Many humanists were fascinated by Plato's teachings and "Platonism" - the belief that reason is eternal and, by interacting with it, humans interact with eternity.

Humanism

Jan 1, 1400

Humanism was about focusing art and culture more to humans and not on religion. This would advance are because it became mainstream. Before only church members could experience art. This mentality lasts with us until today because even now we focus art and culture on the human not so much on the church.

St. Maria del Fiore

Aug 24, 1401

This dome ended the Middle Ages and the Renaissance had began. It was desinged by Brunelleschi in 1418 and was built in 1420. It has an octagonal shape, and the diameter of the inside of the dome is the same as the Pantheon in Rome,

Battle of Agincourt

Jan 1, 1409

The Battle of Agincourt (England vs France) is considered one of the more important battles of the 1400's. France outnumbered the British but, by use of the longbow, the British were able to eek out a victory. The Battle of Agincourt signaled the beginning of a shift away from hand to hand combat and toward ranged combat.

Brunelleschi creates Linear Perspective

Jan 1, 1413

Linear perspective revolutionized art forever.

Jan Hus burned at the stake

Mar 15, 1415

Czech priest Jan Hus was executed for heresy by the Catholic Church in Prague. Hus had argued that many Catholic practices (such as indulgences) went against Catholic theory - initially causing him to be excommunicated and, later, executed.

Ospedale degli Innocenti

Aug 15, 1419

Built by Brunelleschi in 1419. This was the first hospital and the first truly Reinassance building. This shows mathematical proportion, round arches and slender columns.

Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orleans

Jan 1, 1429

Joan of Arc's first military victory and was the turning point in the 100 years war between England and France.

Guttenburg invents the printing press

Jan 1, 1439

Revolutionized the manufacturing of books and also the studies of arts and sciences

Johann Gutenberg invents the printing press

Jan 1, 1445

Johann's invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period.It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.

Tempio Malatestiano

Jan 1, 1446

This was the first example of using the motif of the Roman triumphal Arch. The west facade refers to the Roman triumphal arch, Arch of Constantine in Rome and the Arch of Augustus in Rimini.

Birth of Lorenzo de Medici

Jan 7, 1449

Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Empire

Jan 1, 1453

Constantinople falls after several months of fighting to the Ottoman Empire and is renamed Istanbul, marking the end of the Roman Empire. With the loss of Constantinople, European powers had to find new route to Asia. There would be a new press toward ocean exploration - either south (around Africa) or west (initially toward Asia, but ultimately toward the Americas)

Ivan the Great takes the throne of Moscow

Mar 15, 1462

Ivan III (or Ivan the Great) takes the throne of the Rus in Moscow. Over the course of his 40 year reign, he would drive back the Golden Horde from the surrounding area and lay the foundation for the modern state of Russia.

Cosimo de Medici dies

Jan 1, 1464

Cosimo was considered the father of the nation by some. The Medici family ruled throughout the Renaissance, their actions made Florence one of the wealthiest cities in the world.

Ivan III (or Ivan the Great) takes the throne of the Rus in Moscow. Over the course of his 40 year reign, he would drive back the Golden Horde from the surrounding area and lay the foundation for the modern state of Russia.

Jan 1, 1469

Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile married in 1469 - uniting two small kingdoms into what is effectively modern Spain. The rule of Ferdinand and Isabella has been hotly debated by historians. The monarchs supported (and succeeded) the "reconquest" movement to drive Islam from Spain and ordered all Jewish people to leave the country. They also sponsored Christopher Columbus' voyages to the New World.

The Spanish inquistion begins

Jan 1, 1478

One of the most deadly inquisitions in history was designed to root out all non catholics , such as jews and muslims

Sandro Botticelli paints Birth of Venus

Jan 1, 1486

Painted as a result of the Platonic Academy, one of the famous pieces of art during the Renaissance. The sexual nature of the painting was pushing the boundries of what was tollerated during that time.

Columbus discovers America

Jan 1, 1492

The discovery of the America's would lead to colonization of them a hundred years later. This colonization would lead to the western world as we know it.

David

Jan 1, 1501

This Michelangelo's sculpture represents David at th moment that he decides to engage Goliath. To the citizens of Florence, this statue was a symbol of fortezza and ira, strength and anger. Michelangelo depicted him before a battle, showing that he was ready to fight and he's not scared of he's enemie, even if Goliath was bigger and stronger than him.

Thomas More Utopia

Jan 1, 1503

Thomas More used the word Utopia to describe an ideal imaginary Island nation. He opposed England's seperation from the Catholic church and refused to accept the King as the head of the church, he was later tried for treason and beheaded.

Michealangelo sculpts the David

Jan 7, 1504

Raphael paints The School of Athens

Jan 1, 1511

One of the most famous frescoes by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. It was painted as a part of Raphael's commission to decorate with frescoes the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. The School of Athens the second painting to be finished there, after La Disputa, on the opposite wall. The picture has long been seen as "Raphael's masterpiece and the perfect embodiment of the classical spirit of the High Renaissance."

Tomb of King Henry VII and his Queen

Sep 25, 1511

This was Pietro Torrigiano's masterpiece. This was the key renaissance work in Britain. This tomb is located in Westminster Abbey.

Michelangelo paints the sistine chapel

Jan 1, 1512

Forced into painting by the Pope, Michelangelo painted 9 scenes from the old testament onto the ceiling and walls of the Sistine Chapel.

Start of the European Wars of religion

Jan 1, 1514

The religious wars were cause by the Protestant Reformation in western and northern Europe. The wars were fought between Catholics and Protestants.

Martin Luther Nails the 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Church

Oct 31, 1517

Martin Luther challenges the traditional practices of the church and Pope Leo X. Luther believed that a persons wealth should not impact their status in the afterlife.

Rapheal paints the tranfiguartion

Jan 7, 1520

Start of European Wars of Religion

Jan 1, 1524

The European wars of religion were a series of wars waged in Europe from ca. 1524 to 1648, following the onset of the Protestant Reformation in Western and Northern Europe. Although sometimes unconnected, all of these wars were strongly influenced by the religious change of the period, and the conflict and rivalry that it produced.

Machiavelli writes The Prince

Jan 1, 1532

The book is a political treatise by the Italian diplomat, historian and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. From correspondence a version appears to have been distributed in 1513, using a Latin title, De Principatibus (About Principalities). But the printed version was not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death.

Ivan the terrible is born

Jan 1, 1533

Ivan conquered large amounts of territory transforming Russia into a multienthnic country. He became the first Tsar of Russia.

Henry the 8th of England excommunicated

Jan 1, 1533

Henry was excommunicated from the Catholic Church because he anulled his first marriage and married again without the permission of the church

Jesuit Order founded by Ignatius Loyola

Jan 1, 1533

Ignatius was a religious leader during counter reformation, he was extremely loyal to the Catholic Church authority and heirarchy. His creation of the Society of Jesus was used to spread the word of god, the members of the Society of Jesus were known as Jesuits and were considered the soldiers of god.

Desiderius Erasmus dies

Jan 1, 1536

Erasmus was a classical scholar who wrote in a pure Latin style. He was an early proponent of religious toleration, and enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists"; he has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists.

Jesuit Order founded by Ignatius Loyola

Jan 1, 1543

Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits (the Society of Jesus). The Jesuits were one of the major spearheads of the Counter-Reformation. The work done by Ignatius Loyola was seen as an important counter to Martin Luther and John Calvin.

Scientific Revolution / Copernicus

Jan 1, 1543

The scientific revoultion was an era in which new ideas like physics, chemistry, medicine and biology formed and paved the way for modern science.

Nicholas Copernicus publishes on the revolution of the celestial spheres

Jan 7, 1543

Crowning of Queen Elizabeth I

Jan 1, 1548

Elizabeth I was crowned Queen. She was the third of Henry VIII’s children to become monarch and she was the last of the Tudor dynasty.Elizabeth had inherited the throne from her half-sister Mary I, who had died on the 17th November 1558.

Founding of the Society of Jesus by ignatius of Loyola

Jan 1, 1556

St Batholomew Massacre

Jan 1, 1557

The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations, followed by a wave of Roman Catholic mob violence, both directed against the Huguenots, during the French Wars of Religion. Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Catherine de' Medici

Spain declares bankruptcy for the 1st time

Jan 1, 1557

Spain's bankruptcy was caused by Kings defaulting on their loans and a depedance on precious metals and jewels for income.

Da Vinci paints the Last Supper

Jan 1, 1587

A 15th century mural painting in Milan created by Leonardo da Vinci for his patron Duke Ludovico Sforza and his duchess Beatrice d'Este. It represents the scene of The Last Supper from the final days of Jesus as it is told in the Gospel of John 13:21, when Jesus announces that one of his Twelve Apostles would betray him.

King Phillip II of Spain assembles the Spanish Armada 1588

Jan 7, 1588

Edict of Nantes

Jan 1, 1589

Issued by Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic. In the Edict, Henry aimed primarily to promote civil unity.The Edict separated civil from religious unity, treated some Protestants for the first time as more than mere schismatics and heretics, and opened a path for secularism and tolerance.

Shakespeare starts on the theatre

Sep 24, 1594

From 1594-1608 Shakespeare worked for the London Theatre World. Some plays he wrote were Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Richard the Third, and Romeo and Juilliette. These plays were all tragedies. He also wrote A Midsummer Night's Dream, which was a comedy.

Galileo invents a thermometer

Jan 7, 1603