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Period: Oct 27, 1500 to
Culture and Currents of Thought
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Nov 6, 1500
First Occupants
Cultural expression are influenced by:
- Spirituality (Shamanism, myths and legends, dreamcatchers)
- Social relatopnships (Respect for elders, traditions, freedom of actions - no written laws, no private property, no hierarchy)
- Respect for nature (Animism, Circle of life)
- Communications and exchange (Oral traditions, song and dance ceremonies) -
French Regime - Divine right of King
Influence of ideas on cultural expression:
- Divine Right of Kings - Absolute power, gaining control in Europe but colony suffering (wasn't developing economy/population and iroquois attacts) so he dispatched soldiers and implemented Royal Government in 1663, he also exercises control over the Church. -
French Regime - Independent spirit and adaptibility of Canadiens
Influence of ideas on cultural expression:
Independent spirit and adaptibility of Canadiens: The influence of the independent spirit and adaptability of the Canadiens on culture. -
French Regime - Catholicism
Influence of ideas on cultural expression:
- Catholicism - Very powerful; did what they wanted or excommunicated.
Religion in N.F - Clergy was EVERYWHERE:
Priests in charge of parishes and as missionaries, nuns working in hospitals and schools.
- Potential priests were trained in seminaries (only brightest boys)
- Money came from church tax; tithe.
Church was CENTRAL to lives and defined morally aceptable behavior, spreads its ideas...etc -
Life in N.F
Settlers had happy lives but it was work; caring for crops, making clothes, fixing tools, preparing for winter. Own schedule = independent.
- N.F not developing -> Settlers self-dependent
- Life different from France, where you have very rich and massive number of poor/starving people.
- King exercised less control because he was far away.
- Freedom, people did what they wanted, no strict justice system. -
WW1
Conscription crisis -
- Imperialists: Wanted to join war
- Nationalists: Didn't want to join (No thanks) -
Oka Crisis
Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand its 9 holes onto native land. The natives military organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation. It lasted 78 days, when the stand-off finally came to an end with out armed conflict, however the issues remained. -
Diffusion of ideas
Diffusion of all ideas by means of:
- Newspapers
- Magazines -
Imperialism
Being loyal to ones mother country.
French -> France
English -> England -
Capitalism
Economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange. Freedom to make it rich and be sucessful. -
Socialism
Thinking/doing what's best for the community as a whole.
Opposite of capitalism (Not thinking simply of ones self) -
Nationalism
Being loyal/devotion to the nation/colony.
- French Canadian Nationalism -> Do not want to support Britan, want to protect french interests (language, education, rights).
- English Canadian Nationalism: Liked the English way (language, politics) wanted to support Britain but wanted Canada to operate independently.
- Neo-nationalism: 1960's, spead by artists -
Liberalism
Total freedom - political/ social/ individual/ expression/ economic...
Responsible government where people get a vote. -
Ultramontanism
Enhansing/ Increasing the power and authority of the pope.
No choice but to be deeply religions during French Regime -
Anticlericalism
Seperation of church and state (no influence on each other)
Opposite to ultramontanism -
Agriculturism
Push to support farmers/farming.
Valorisation of rural, communitu and parish life. -
Laicism
Seperation of church and state
the nonclerical, or secular, control of political and social institutions in a society -
Cooperatism
The customers are the owner. Birth of different groups who favoured equality and collaboration -
Feminism
Women had a hard life, married young, produced many children; over 10 was the norm.
Women forced to do as their husbands commanded.
Long days of work (home & factories)
Women often did the worst jobs
One escape -> Becoming a nun
Women obtain rights to federal election, then all in 1918. -
Fascism
The idea that dictator should control the entire country usually by propaganda/force. -
Americanism
Emergence of American cultural trends: dance, music, and the spread of American culture through films, radio and television.
(Influence of American culture through the media) -
Aboriginalism
Claims for ancerstral rights and recognition of aboriginal identity through tradition culture.
e.g Oka Crisis -
Three levels of Government
Exercutive: Makes decisions about administration
Legislative: Makes or amends laws, and imposes taxes
Judicial: Ensures laws are applied
