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Oct 28, 1500
First Occupants
Forms of expression or cultural manifestations of the first occupants were linked to spirituality ,shamanism which was the priest/medicine man, myths and legends and the dreamcatchers. The first occupants always respected the elders and kept the original traditions. They had no actual written down laws and no private property. They respected all of nature and believed that everything has a soul. They has their own unique culture and way of running their society and education. -
The Divine Right of Kings
The king had Absolute power. King Louis 14th was gaining control in Europe but his colony of New France was still suffering because it wasn’t developing its economy or population, and it was dealing with constant Iroquois attacks. King Louis had to act soe h sent out a well trained group of soldiers. After that, the king ended the monopoly and placed New France under the Minister of Marine who at the time was Jean-Baptiste Colbert. He and Louis decided to implement Royal Government in 1663. -
Catholicism
The influence of Catholicism on culture was very Powerful. You had to do what the church wanted or you were excommunicated.
The Clergy was everywhere. The priests were in charge of parishes and working as missionaries. Nuns worked in hospitals and in schools. They also created Charities. They also made a tax called the thithe to get money for all this. The Church spreaded its ideas by controling education in the colony. -
Life in New France
People had happy lives but it was hard. There was work to be done everyday and since New France was not really developing settlers became self-dependent. In New France the people were very autonomous and by 1760 they became a distinct set of people called Canadien. Therefore these distinct people would remain here after the British Conquest. The king exercised less control so they made the social classes which were the Nobility/Elite, Middle Class/Bourgeoisie and Peasants/Habitant. -
British Rule
In the british regime you had liberalism which is a political or social
philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual and the individual rights of andcivil liberties. Ultramontanism favors increasing and enhancing the power andauthority of the pope. Anticlericalismopposed to the influence and activities of the clergy or the church in secular or public affairs.Imperialism was the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries. ex: loyalists -
How the Government Functions
The government consists of the constitutional Monarchy parliamentary Democracy, three levels of Government which were Federal, Provincial and Municipal. Each of these levels has three types of functions: executive, legislative and judicial. There were also things like the cabinet for life, federal System, Positions, head of state which was the Queen, Governor General, Parliament Senate, the House of Commons, Ministers, Government, Prime Minister, Cabinet, Opposition, Minority Government, ect... -
Imperialism
the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies.
Spread of the British ideas (imperialists) in newspapers and stories.
Founding of the newspaper Le Devoir to protest against imperialism. -
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, andexchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially ascontrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.
-Construction of buildings by capitalists who form part of our architectural heritage.
-Diffusion of capitalist ideas through the mainstream press owned by businessmen. -
Socialism
Socialism is a theory or system of social organization that advocates
the vesting of the ownership and control ofthe means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole. Questioning the spread of capitalism through labour movements, student movements and in independent magazines. -
Agriculturism
Agriculturism is a push to support farmers and farming. Valorisation of rural, community et parish life in novels (Un homme et son péché, Maria Chapdeleine, Le Survenant, Menaud, Maître Draveur, etc.)
Creation of community groups such as Le Cercle des fermières and spread of their ideas in a magazine. -
Nationalism
Nationalismes is a devotion to one's own nation and its interests over those of all other nations Britain exercised imperialism by controlling a vast number of colonies all over the world. Britain expected its colonies to obey and follow it’s commands, this wasn’t always the case. In Canada some people wanted to follow Britain some did not.
French-Canadian Nationalism favoured the french and English-Canadian Nationalism liked the English way. -
Laicism
Laicism Laicism is the nonclerical or secular, control of political and social institutions in a society. The influences of the Church were
after 1837 the bishops became more and more powerful, the cures became the most important person in the parish. The Church was still in charge of almost everything like eudcation and charities. -
Cooperatism
Cooperatism was the birth of different groups who favoured equality
and collaboration (American Unions like the Knights of Labor, the Caisses populaires, Catholic Union of Cultivators). -
Fascism
Fascism is the idea that a dictator (single person) should control the entire country. They normally rule threw the use of propaganda/force. This was adopted in Spain and Italy, but brought to an extreme in Germany by the Nazi’s lead by Adolf Hitler. Small-scale dissemination of fascist ideas from Europe (Adrien Arcand, journalist and head of the Parti National social chrétien [Christian National Socialist Party] spreads his ideas in newspapers). -
Americanism
Americanism is the emergence of American cultural trends like dance (charleston), music (jazz) and spread of American culture through films, radio and télévision. To counter American influences, the church spreads ideas of traditional Catholic culture through music (la bonne chanson), media and education. -
Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism is the new wave of liberalism…hands off gov’t
Advocating the removal of the state in various spheres of society.
Active opposition to socialist groups wanting to maintain intervention of the state. -
Aboriginalism
Aboriginalism claims for ancestral rights and recognition of aboriginal identity through tradition culture (writings, language, music, éducation, etc). -
Feminism
Women used ot have a hard life until WWI opened things up for them. All the men were at war so women started working in factories and saw services as nurses. Women obtained the right to vote in Federal election then all in 1918. Denonciation of the role of the Church in the oppression of women and of inequality with men. Claim for the same rights as men through plays (Les fées ont soif), in feminist magazines, by feminist artists (Pauline Julien, etc.). -
Native Issues
In the summer of 1990 Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand its 9 holes onto native land. The natives militarily organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation. The Oka crisis lasted 78 days, when the stand-off finally came to an end with out armed conflict, however the issues remained. The Charlottetown Accord was created to deal with these issues.
