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1500
Spirituality
Shamanism: The shaman was a priest and medicine man. The occupants would learn or share their culture by orally telling myths and legends. Dreamcatchers were very important to them as it was believed they would absorb your bad dreams. -
1500
Communication of Natives:
Natives passed on myths and traditions orally as they didn’t have an official language. Songs and dances was an easy way for them to do so, as well as ceremonies. -
1500
Aminism:
This was what the Natives believed in and it meant that all living and nonliving things had a spirit and were equal. They did not seek to dominate nature, so they only took what they needed and after killing an animal, they would pray for it. -
The divine right of kings
The divine right of kings means that the ruler was said to receive his or her power directly from God's representative on earth. The King and the Church work together and nobody could question the King since he's God's representative on earth. He has total power. -
Catholicism:
The influence of the Catholic religion on their culture. They were very powerful and if you did not follow what they enforced you were excommunicated. Excommunicated meant you were thrown out of the church and you therefore couldn't trade or do business with anyone else that was part of the church or else they would be excommunicated too. You could also be kicked off your land. -
Imperialism:
Imperialism is the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries. Imperialists are 100% loyal to their mother country. Imperialists want Britain to maintain control over Canada and Loyalists are an example of imperialists. -
How the Government Functions:
It was constitutional Monarchy where the Queen and general governor only had symbolic power. Laws must be passed be through the parliament before they were published.
In the Federal System there were positions:
Head of State (Queen)
Governor General
Parliament Senate (Upper House)
House of Commons (Lower House)
Ministers
Government
Prime Minister
Cabinet
Opposition
Minority Government
Speaker
Courts -
How the Government Functions 2:
There were different levels; Federal, Provincial, Municipal each with three different types of functions.
Executive: Makes the decisions about administration, power comes from cabinet.
Legislative: Makes laws and imposes taxes. Power comes from the House of Commons
Judicial: They ensure that the laws are applied, judges are chosen by the cabinet for the rest of their life. -
Liberalism:
Liberalism is a political philosophy supporting the freedom of the individual. Individuals should be free to make their own decisions without government restrictions. Under the French regime, there was no liberalism, the Church and the Crown controlled the people.
Canada's current society is liberal.
The development of parliamentarism is a part of liberal ideas. The members of parliament are elected by the people. Liberal ideas are reflected in architecture. -
Ultramontanism:
The policy from people in the Roman Catholic Church believed there should be lots of power and authority from the pope. To advocate the absolute obedience of the Catholic religion. The Church wants to increase and extend its influence in social, political and cultural life. -
Anticlericalism
The opposition of the influence and activities of the clergy or the church in secular or public affairs. They believed that the church should not have power over anything other than beliefs in church.. They wanted the church and state separate as they were anti-church. -
Agriculturalism
Agriculturalism was defended by Curé Antoine Labelle and it promoted rural life and traditional agricultural way of life. The Church influenced French Canadians to settle in the undeveloped regions of Québec. -
Capitalism:
Capitalism is the current of thought that encourages the concentration of wealth and the control of the means of production by a small number of people, as well as free competition. capitalism only benefits the rich. -
Socialism:
Socialism questioned the spread of capitalism through labour movements, student movements and in independent magazines. They advocated state intervention in order to protect business wealth. -
French-Canadian Nationalism:
The French Canadians did not want to support, but wanted to protect their cultures; language, education and rights. Henri Bourassa became the main spokesman of French Canadian nationalism, as they want to be their own nation and not just a colony. -
English-Canadian Nationalism:
English-Canadians liked the English politics and language and they wanted to support Britain, but wanted Canada to be independent, rather than being under British rule. -
Feminism:
A social movement in which women would fight for the right to vote and social, economic, political equality. They had a hard life, they married young and produced many children. Women only took care of the children and the home. World War 1 was the first time women were working in the factories since all the men were off to war. -
Americanism:
The influence by the American culture. Canadian use of American cultural trends, like: dance (Charleston), music (jazz) and American films, radio and television. -
Fascism:
The idea that a dictator should control the entire country. They usually rule through propaganda and force. One person who makes all the decisions for his country. The restoration of a traditional order by authoritarian means. -
Laicism:
It is a Policy that is believed that the church should not have control over political or social institutions, but they should keep their influence on the people. -
Secularism:
Regular people completely separated from the church started the secularization movement.
They were Opposite of Church, wanting Separation from Church and state. Because of this, the Church experienced a rapid loss of power. They were now only responsible for all spiritual matter; no longer all education, social works, and health care. -
Cooperatism:
This current of thought was the birth of different groups that wanted to help make everyone equal because there were many inequalities because of capitalism and industrialization. -
Neo-Nationalism:
It is a new wave of nationalism that began in the 1960s. Gilles Vigneault, Félix Leclerc, Paul Piché, Les Séguins, Harmonium and Beau Dommage spread this form of nationalism as they did not want to be controlled by the government. -
Aboriginalism:
Aboriginals started to question their place in society, in the beginning of the 1970s. They wanted the government of Canada to recognize their rights and consider their point of view, interests and cultural characteristics as their main objective was to preserve their culture. -
Neo-Liberalism:
Neoliberalism is an ideology that appeared in the 1970s. It questions the State's intervention and whether/how much it can intervene. Neoliberalists believe that the State should reduce its intervention in public life and that there should be free markets to encourage economic trade. They're against taxes and customs duties.
