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1500
Animism
Animism is the name of the Native's religion and belief system. They believed that all animals and elements of nature, humans included have a spirit and are all equal. Because of this, they made sure to only kill what they needed and to always say prayers before they hunted. This belief is quite different then that which the majority of people have today. -
1500
Shamanism
Shamanism is the belief that Native American's held and still do hold, which entails a person, called a shaman, who is able to interpret dreams. This person is supposedly close with the spirits and can interact with them. He can cure diseases and is the person to talk to if you're having problems with spirits. He held a very powerful and integral position in Native American society. -
The Divine Right of Kings
The divine right of Kings is the notion that the king has complete control. He is God's representative on Earth, and can not be disagreed with. He has control over the Church, and can choose exactly what his population does, even down to their beliefs and culture. -
Catholicism
Catholicism is the belief that the Church should have complete control over the society and it's culture. The Church was extremely powerful under this belief system, if you disagreed with the Church you were simply excommunicated. You were forced to pay taxes to the Church and go to Church every Sunday. -
Founding of College des Jésuites
The College des Jésuites was an all boys catholic school founded in the the year 1635 in Quebec. Founded by the Jesuits, this school was only available to the very elite kids. Here they learnt of the power of the Pope and the Church. The curriculum was completely determined by the Church. -
Foundation of Ville-Marie
Ville-Marie was a city founded in 1642 by the French as a place to convert the Natives to Catholicism. This is where the missionaries would set up schools and teach the people of the new religion. This continues the them of ultramontanism, and imposing the beliefs of the Church on everyone. -
Foundation of the Grand-Séminaire
The Grand-Séminaire du Québec was a school founded in 1663. It's purpose was to train priests and then welcome them into the religion. Only for young men whom were considered elite, this is an excellent example of times where the Church had complete control over education, one of the aspects of ultramontanism. -
Publication of the Catechism
The Catechism was a book written and published by the Catholic Church in the year 1702. It was a piece of propaganda with the purpose of instilling the belief of the greatness of the Church in peoples minds. It aimed to show that a society that has the Church involved is a society that is better off. It explained the basic beliefs of Christianity to newcomers to the religion. -
Liberalism
Liberalism is the ideology that every individual should be free have important rights. It also advocates for parliamentary systems of government and non-violent change. In the late 1800's this belief system was propagated by Newspapers the mainstream media. -
Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism seeks to enhance and enlarge the role of the Pope in our society. It is a notion conceived by the Roman Catholic Church and believes that the Pope should have ultimate power. It aims to make the Pope omnipresent in all facets of life, whether it be social or political. It also implies the imposition of the Catholic religion on all citizens. -
Anticlericalism
Anticlericalism goes directly against ultramontanism. It's sole goal is to separate the Church from our everyday lives, therefore leading the way for a more democratic system and society. It opposes not only the power and control of the Church but also it's influences on society. Our current situation is much closer to anticlericalism then it is to ultramontanism. -
Foundation of the Quebec Gazette
The Quebe Gazette was a newspaper founded in 1764. Founded by two men, William Brown and Thomas Gilmore, the paper was written and published in both French and English, to appeal to Quebec's two groups, the anglophones and the francophones. -
Creation of the Montreal Gazette
The Montreal Gazette is a newspaper that was founded in 1785 by Fleury Mesplet. After attempting to write the first French only newspaper and being arrested, Mesplet decided to try to write a paper with dual languages. The paper was very anti-clerical and spoke on all the sphere of society, like education. It was very critical of the Church in all these situations. -
Imperialism
Imperialism is a policy that concerns smaller colonies that are possessed by a monopoly. It's main point is to build the biggest empire possible by acquiring and holding foreign countries, for example the British Empire was comprised of many foreign countries like Canada, India and Australia. -
Capitalism
Capitalism is a system and a way of thinking. It focuses on individuals and corporation circulating the money in the society as opposed to societies where the wealth is circulated cooperatively or through the state. -
Socialism
Socialism is another system or ideology that contrasts capitalism. It aims more to advance the society as a community or as a whole as opposed to enriching individuals and corporations. The socialist movement started asking important questions about the place of capitalism in labour movements. -
Laicism
Laicism is another type of ideology or belief that aims to separate the Church and the Government. It aims to achieve a more secular society, where the Church has no power over the citizens. This came along with the acceptance of other religions. Catholicism was no longer the only accepted religion so it didn't make sense for the Church to have all the power. -
Fascism
Fascism is the notion that a nation should be governed or ruled by one person: a dictator. This person has complete control over the society. Some infamous fascist dictators in our history have been people like Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. These fascist dictators often take control by force (i.e. a coup with the army) or through the use of propaganda (i.e. Adrian Arcand's newspaper). -
Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism is a new wave or form of liberalism that advocates for a hands off governments. It wants to remove the government from many of the sectors or spheres of society. It clashes directly with socialism which advocates for a very active government that works hand in hand with the people. -
Aboriginalism
Aboriginalism advocates for Native rights and to reclaim the land that was stolen from the Natives years ago. It has the goal of maintaining the Aboriginal culture like writing and language. We have seen people take very aggressive stances on Aboriginalism, like in 1990 during the Oka crisis. -
Agriculturalism
Agriculturalism was the push for more agriculture. It started to value the work of the farmers living in the rural areas. This ideology was further pushed by stories of farm life like "Un homme et son pêché". This also lead to farmers banding together and creating groups like "Le cercle des Fermiers". These groups also spread the notion of agriculturalism through their magazines. -
Nationalism
Nationalism is the patriotic devotion to one's nation, and the idea that you will put your nation's interests above those of others. For example, someone who has a lot of pride in Quebec and believes that it should have it's own country is a nationalist. The opposite is also true, when someone who will do anything for Canada is also a nationalist. Because of this, there are different types of nationalists, such as english canadian nationalists and french quebecois nationalists. -
Cooperatism
Cooperatism is an ideology and a societal system that gets people working together to improve the society as opposed to working for and against corporations. It favours equality and collaboration between citizens. Some of the American unions that were formed employ cooperatism like the Catholic Union of Cooperators. -
Feminism
Feminism is the belief that women should have the same rights and should be equal to men. This is a very large movement fueled by women's gross mistreatment. Feminists argue for things like equal pay, women's right to vote and women's education.
Before the movement took off, women were treated terribly. They didn't go to school, instead being forced to watch the house during the day. They only started to vote when all the men were at war in WWII and also only started to work men's jobs then. -
Americanism
Americanism is the influence of American culture and ideologies on our society, whether it be perpetrated through the media or entertainment. We see things like Charleton dance and jazz music being brought into mainstream Canadian culture. These are examples of Americanism. To counter things like this, the Church and Canadian government start to release propaganda to encourage Canadians to continue to celebrate Canadian culture.
