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Period: Jan 20, 1500 to
Culture
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Nov 20, 1500
Chiefs
The algonquian chiefs were usually the best hunters. All they do is represent the tribe in trading and other things. The Iroquois chiefs were excellent warriors as well as good speaker. They were just the traders. And makes sure people follow the rules made by the clan. -
Nov 20, 1501
Views on Environment
Aboriginal peoples had great respect for their environment because they recognized it was the reason that they were able to survive. The resources they had access to were provided by the environment in which they lived, and in turn, they had great respect for nature. Linking to Animism all things have souls, so only what was needed was taken from them, and returned to, the environment. -
Nov 20, 1502
Social Relationships
The elders where highly respected in their culture because of their age the where believed to be the smartest. All of their traditions where respected. Their was no written laws, people knew what was wrong and did not do it. -
Nov 20, 1503
Aboriginal Spirituality
The Spirits were immortal because they can exist outside the bodies.They take special care of everything they take from nature because of this belief.They made offerings to the spirits to make sure they would not disfavor them. -
Nov 20, 1504
Dreams and Smoke to Communicate with Spirits
Communicate with spirits.Algonquians and Iroquois saw tobacco smoke as a means of making contact with spirits. Tobacco on a fire, but more often Aboriginal peoples smoked a pipe.For all Aboriginal peoples, dreaming was a way that spirits could show themselves. -
Nov 20, 1534
Cultural consequences of the Encounter with the europeans
The Europeans brought with them tools and utensils made of iron, steel and brass. These objects became integrated in their society.Following their encounter with the Europeans, groups adopted the wearing of wool and cotton, which they integrated into their clothing. They started to eat new foods that the Europeans brought with them. It also changed the way they have war from bows to guns. -
French Regime
The French imported many elements of their culture, including the Catholic religion. This state religion, which the French tried to impose on the Aboriginal peoples through missions, had a significant influence on the colony’s social organization and culture. The colony was also under royal absolutism, which characterized the political organization of France. -
The catholic church and aboriginal missions
Representatives of the Catholic church were present from the beginning of colonisation They came to convent aboriginal peoples to the catholic faith, to instruct the population and to make New France a Catholic society. -
Absolutism in the colony
Before 1663, royal absolutism was manifested mostly through the control the king exerted over the chartered companies to which he granted exploitation monopolies. These companies had to answer to the king, who had the power to dissolve them. The extent of the powers of the governor and the intendant, who were appointed by the king, were also indicative of royal absolutism. -
Nationalism and Republicanism in 1830s
The failure of liberal reform demands during the 1830s lead to a radicalization of ideas among Parti Patriote members, leading to republicanism, an ideology suggesting that people should govern themselves. Republicanism lead to the Patriotes revolts in 1837 and 1838, in an effort to guarantee respect for people's fundamental rights.
Nationalism: a Political ideology that identifies a nation as a group of individuals who share common characteristics. -
British regime
The conquest entailed a change of empire and transformed the social makeup of the colony,to which a growing number of British people were immigrating.These changes went hand-in hand with the spread of new intellectual movements such as liberalism and nationalism.The 1837-1838 uprising,and the subsequent passing of the Act of union in 1849, enabled the church to increase its influence over colonial society. The heightened presence and influence of the church promoted expression of ultramontanism. -
Liberalism in the colony from 1760 to 1840
Thanks to the press, liberalism ideas spread and soon turned into political demands. These demands were formulated by the British merchants, among others, who had immigrated to the colony after the conquest, but also by some canadien professionals and merchants who followed liberal ideas. Meanwhile during the 1830s, some canadiens adopted a radical position, which led to the rebellions of 1837-1838. -
The british merchant demands
These merchants noticed that the French laws were still in effect in the colony, which did not allow for a political representation of the people. These colonists, like those in the thirteen colonies, demanded the opportunity to enjoy the same rights as British subjects in the mother country. -
Demands of the canadiens professionals and merchants
Liberal canadiens made their ideas public through the press. One early paper defended the separation of church and state and denounced the Canadiens nobility and clergy, who were against the establishment of a legislative assembly. -
Ultramontanism from 1840 to 1867
The failure of the 1837-1838 rebellions and adoption of the Act of union in 1840 had an influence on ideas that circulated in the colony. The creation of United Canada made French Canadians a minority politically, and English became the colony's only official language. After 1840, the Catholic Church relied on ultramontanism to increase its power and to become more and more influential, The church also wanted to insert itself into all parts of life in the colony. -
Anticlericalism after 1840
Institut canadiens de montreal where the french would go talk without the church. This offended the church. In 1858 the bishop requested members to conform to church degrees, which caused some to leave the Institut. Those who continued to support the Institut began to push for separation of Church and state. The were of the opinion that the clergy had no right to meddle in political life or censor cultural and intellectual life, know as anticlericalism. -
French canadian Nationalism
In the second half of the 19th century, French canadian nationalism remained survival nationalism.Concerned about the exodus of French Canadians to the United States, the leaders of the province saw a return to the land as a solution. Agriculturalism surfaced through the adoption of various measures aimed at modernizing agriculture and encouraging the opening of new regions to colonization. -
Church conservatism
Catholic church promoted a traditional way of life and values it judged essential for the survival of the identity and culture of French Canada. In the 1920s, the bishop published several letters in which they condemned dancing, movies, theaters and keep sunday as a holy day. -
Socialism, communism and fascism from 1920 to 1940
Socialism was meant to be a critique of capitalist industrial development. Socialists were against the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few. No private ownership.Communism wanted the end of the capitalist system and social classes.Fascism Promoted the restoration of a traditional order by authoritarian means. During the 1930s, Canadian fascists took their inspiration from the regimes established in italy and Germany following the stock market crash. -
Americanism and secularism after the second World War
After WWII, QC was very prosperous, thus traditionalism and the influence of the catholic church on quebec society were increasingly called into question. New Custom and a New Way of life in 1950s. More$ =better lifestyle and more time to spend. -
The state and culture
It was in the mid-20th century that the state began to intervene in order to encourage creative activity in the areas of visual arts, music, theatre,literature and communications. A lot of events came which made Quebec have more diversity. -
Feminism from the 1960s to the 1980s
Women push even more to be working.They believe they have certain rights, they have the right to vote. Groups form for more women rights -
Oka Crisis
Mohawk nation upset that a golf course wants to expand on ancestral land. Canadian Army called in to protect locals and fight against the warriors. The mohawks were fighting for their rights and wanted the Canadian/ provincial to acknowledge them. -
Everyday Practice
The colonist adapted the “French style” to a “Canadian style” including a winter coat fitted with a hood and fastened at the waist with a belt. Shoes and clogs were abandoned in favor of moccasins. The colonists improved moccasins by carefully waterproofing them. Finally, most colonists wore a hat whose flaps could be folded down to cover ears, or a woolen tuque. They also adopted Aboriginal means of travel. -
State intervention after 1960
The death of Maurice Duplessis in 1959 allowed government who advocated Interventionism to obtain power. The state took control of education, health and social services, and also became active in the area of culture.
