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1419
Prince Henry the Navigator
In 1419, Henry founded a navigation school on the southwestern coast of Portugal. Mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders, scientists, and sea captains gathered there to perfect their trade. -
1469
Marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand
The marriage links the house of Castile (Isabella) and Ferdinand (Aragon), creating the kingdom of Spain. -
1484
de las Casas publishes Apologetic Histories of the Indies
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1488
Dias sails around Cape of Good Hope
First European to sail around the south coast of Africa and up along the east coast. Spain is no longer interested in financing Columbus' voyage west. -
1492
Columbus' First Voyage
Originally searching for a quicker route to Asia, Columbus instead discovered the Carribean islands. Columbus started the expedition into the New World. -
1519
Cortez conquers Aztec Empire
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1521
Magellan circumnavigates the globe
Led the first expedition to sail completely around the world. Proved that the world was round and larger than thought. Discovered new oceans and land. Proved that all oceans and landmasses were connected. -
1542
Copernicus' On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres Published
Here, he displayed the heliocentric model, the sun in the middle and Earth spinning around it. -
1545
Council of Trent
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James I rules England, Scotland, and Ireland
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Don Quixote (Part 1) published
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Kepler's discoveries confirms Corpernicus' heliocentric model
This publishing contains his first and second laws.
1) The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus.
2) An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. -
Galileo's discoveries with the telescope
Some discoveries, such as Sunspots and the Moons of Jupiter. -
Galileo's Trial
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30 Years War
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. One of the most destructive conflicts in human history, it resulted in eight million fatalities not only from military engagements but also from violence, famine, and plague. Wikipedia -
Bacon publishes Novum Organum
Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works argued for the possibility of scientific knowledge based only upon inductive reasoning and careful observation of events in nature. Most importantly, he argued science could be achieved by use of a skeptical and methodical approach whereby scientists aim to avoid misleading themselves. -
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Puritan Migration to New England the Caribbean
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Shakespeare publishes 'As You Like It'
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William Harvey publishes On the Motion of the Heart
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Descartes publishes Discourse on Method
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Louis XIV rules France
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English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists principally over the manner of England's governance. Wikipedia -
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The Fronde
The Fronde was a series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635. King Louis XIV confronted the combined opposition of the princes, the nobility, the law courts, and most of the French people, and yet won out in the end. Wikipedia -
King Charles beheaded
In London, King Charles I is beheaded for treason on January 30, 1649. Charles ascended to the English throne in 1625 following the death of his father, King James I. In the first year of his reign, Charles offended his Protestant subjects by marrying Henrietta Maria, a Catholic French princess. -
Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan
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An expanded Versailles Palace becomes the royal residence of Louis XIV
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Mary Rowlandson publishes A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration
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John Locke completes Two Treatises on Government
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Newton publishes Principia
Isaac Newton composed Principia Mathematica during 1685 and 1686,and it was published in a first edition on 5 July 1687. Widely regarded as one of the most important works in both the science of physics and in applied mathematics during the Scientific Revolution, the work underlies much of the technological and scientific advances from the Industrial Revolution (usually dated from 1750) which it helped to create. -
Diderot begins publishing the Encyclopedia
Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, better known as Encyclopédie, was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772, with later supplements, revised editions, and translations. It had many writers, known as the Encyclopédistes. Wikipedia -
Rousseau publishes "Discourse on Inequality"
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Voltaire publishes Candide
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Kant writes "What is Enlightenment?"