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The Hudson Bay Company
King CHarles II granted that the only the Hudson Bay Company was to trade with the indians.Area around Hudsons Bay was called Rupert's LandNo one colonized it because it was too rocky -
Period: to
7 years war
The war between Britain and France for supremacy in North America -
Britain defeats France in the Battle of Abraham
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Treaty of Paris is signed
France now has two islands off the coast of Newfoundland -
Quebec Act is passed
This was passed to gain loyalty
Allowed Canadiens to maintain french character -
Loyalist Migration
The Loyalists Traveled up to Canada -
Treaty of Paris ends American Revolution
-Britain surrendered the land below the Great Lakes-Loyalists were treated badly by Patriots in the 13 Colonies -
Period: to
Fur Trade
-The Fur Trade was good at this timeThe HBC was very big
-People not working for HBC founded the North West Company
-This led to rivalry between the two and expansion to the west -
Fur Trading is booming
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Constitutional Act
-Problems arose between English and French speakers in Quebec-Canada Split into Upper Canada and Lower Canada-Both had representative vote -
Red River Settlers
-The first round of settlers arrived at York Factory
-They had very difficult winters and the living conditions were harsh
-In spring, they journeyed to the Red River Valley, they arrived in August and it was too late to plant crops.
They were able to survive another winter with help from the Metis. -
Period: to
War of 1812
The war between USA and Britain.There was no clear winner in the war.Major battles were fought in Upper and Lower Canada.Tecumseh was enraged at the USA because they were trying to expand into native territory, Britain would have lost if the indians were not there to help.Reasons to attack Canada:-USA was hoping that Canada would revolt and join them because of high tax rate on goods -Canada had a lot of resources-Without the taxes from Canada, Britain wouldn't be able to supply troops -
Second round
-The second group of settlers came to York Factory and shared the same hardship as the first group -
Treaty of Ghent
This treaty ended The War of 1812 -
Pemican Proclamation
-This stated that you couldn't take food from Assinaboa wothout a permit
-The meti were furious because they do not have a permit and rely on the bison to survive
-They attacked farms (the Red River Settlers
-Attacked Fort Douglas -
The Great Migration
Many people came from Europe to live in Eastern or Western Canada. The Irish settled in Prince Edward Island due to the potato famine -
Seven Oaks
-The metis really get involved with ridding of the settlers
-They attack Seven Oaks
-Only one metis died out of the 21 settlers killed
-Lord Selkirk sent 90 soldiers to flush out the metis
-The metis fled -
NWC and HBC amalgamated to form the Hudson Bay Company
-The Northwest Company and the Hudson's Bay Company amalgamated together and formed the Hudson Bay Co. -The fur trading was not as popular anymore -
The Lachine Canal is built
The Lachine Canal was built to bypass the rapids in the St. Lawrence River -
The Welland Canal is built
The Welland Canal was built to bypass the Niagara Falls. -
Period: to
Rebellions
Government was in control Legislative Council
-Didn't want to change infrastructure (no one voted(Monarchy)
-Privilages and property were given to family and friends of people in charge-Oligarchy means ruled by a few people or a family. Every time one retires from their rule they pass it on to another family member.Britain thought that a revolution may occur is there was too much freedom.This is similar to the American Revolution -
Act of Union
-Created the United Province of Canada
-Upper Canada and Lower Canada became Canada East and Canada West -
Unity of Upper and Lower Canada
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Loan was given to build canals
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Repeal of the Corn Laws
A bill, Repeal of the Corn Laws, guaranteed that no cheap wheat would be imported -
Nova Scotia Grants Responsible Government
-Canada East and Canada West were granted a responsible government one year later -
Rebellion Losses Bill
-Canada east wanted repayment for losses during rebellion-Canada west was granted repayment -
Canada East and Canada West granted responsible government
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Political deadlock
-The governments of Canada West and Canada East became ineffective due to political deadlock
-Political deadlock is a position where it is difficult to govern due to disagreements between parties -
Fugitive Slave Act
-People in USA who helped a slave or based a slave would be thrown in jail
-Dresden, Canada is where a huge settlement for blacks was built
-There were schools and housing -
BNA and USA sign Reciprocity treaty (No custom tariffs)
The Reciprocity Treaty was a policy of free trade in some items between BNA and the U.S. -
The Grand Trunk Rail way is build inbetween Toronto and Montreal
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Ottawa is chosen as the capital of Canada
Ottawa was chosen as the capital city for the Province of Canada because mobs were burning down parliament buildings and there was an impending American Invasion -
Ottawa is chosen as the Capital of Canada
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Period: to
Confederation
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American Civil War Starts
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The Charlettown and Quebec Conferences are Held
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72 Resolutions
This was a list of resolutions to plan the future of Canada -
Great Coalition
The Great Coalition is formed between Macdoanld, Cartier, and Brown -
American Civil War Ends
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USA Ends the Reciprocity Treaty
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London Conference
-Delegates from Canada East, Canada West, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick attended the conference with some British officials -The meeting resulted into the British North America Act -
Fenians
-The Fenians attacked New Brunswick and proposed the annexation bill to USA
-It stated that the USA would attack the west, but was never passed -
BNA act is signed
-Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia joined confederation to form Canada
This declared that the west is to become part of Canada -
Alaska is bought by the Americans
-Alaska was purchased by America which scared the Canadians into thinking that the Americans were trying to take western Canada and in doing so, they must attack Canada
- Now America can attack from Alaska and main USA simultaniously -
Thomas D'arcy McGee is assasinated
The only Canadian Assasination in History -
Gold found in the Fraiser River
-This attracted the attention of many people so people went and settled there to get gold
-This is a very important event for the making of Canada -
North West Territories and Ruperts land is now part of Canada
-This was purchased by Canada to fullfil Macdonald's dream of a sea to sea country -
Metis siezes Fort Gary after they repel McDougall
-Takes pork and imprisons 50 guards in Fort Gary
-Took the fort just before winter to stop or slow down any troops that would come and interfere -
Sruveyors are sent to Assinaboa to divide land
-Divide the land for roads and boundaries
-The land division was in a grid, not like the signourial system -
War between natives
-Canada was pushing the metis back and then the metis were pushing the cree back right into black foot territory -
Louis Riel meets with Authorities
Louis Riel meets with 12 English men and 12 French men from the Red River Settlement. They discussed about the Metis and the future of Upper Fort Garry -
Metis Bill of Rights
-Government wanted to maintain order, so the Metis Bill of Rights were drawn up
-This bill is a list of conditions that the Canadian governemnt should follow
-These rights included of NWT joining Confederation, seperate schools for seperate religions, cultural recognition, mroe rights to vote and amnesty for those in the resistance. -
Provisional Government
-Provisional government (temporary government) was set up by Louis Riel and his Metis followers in Upper Fort Garry -
Macdonald sends William Mcdougall to Red River
-He is repelled by 14 armed metis -
Manitoba Joins Confederation
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Thomas Scott executed
-He was executed for treason due to rascism
-executed by firing squad
-Macdonald was asked to send troops to deel with Riel
-French backed up Riel
-Macdonald had to make a very hard choice -
British Columbia Joins Confederation
The Fraiser River Gold Rush Attracted Thousands of People to The West -
Cliffor Sifton
-Clifford Sifton was the federal minister of immigration
-He was responsible for attracting settlers to Canada
-He did this through false advertising
-He would interview and hire beautiful men/women and make them hand out brochures in the other countries in Europe
-The settlers would have beautiful people and free land if they moved to Canda
-All religions were accepted the they were allowed to build churches
-Only the working people could move to Canada -
Prince Edward Island Joins Confederation
The North West Mounted Police is born -
Cypress Hills Massacre
This massacre took place in the Cypress Hill region and there was much bloodshed
-This incident angered many Canadians
-Tthis event demonstrated the importance of police. -
North West Mounted Police
Their task was to keep peace, look over the CPR, stop whiskey trade and stop the Americans from attacking Canada if they do
-They were stationed in the prairies where there were not authorities before -
Conservatives lose election
-Conservatives lost election
-The new prime minister Alexander Mackenzie developedthe secret ballot and a stated filed on how much was spent on the campaign -
Nova Scotia and the Atlantic Coast had lots of Loyalists
Britain made the colonies New Brunswick and Cape Breton Island -
Indian Act
-This act stated that anyone with an Indian Status would be granted reserves
- Only full-blooded First Nations can have this status
-No Metis
-Timber could be taken from reserves so no money was given to them -
Macdonald is back
-MacDonald is back in pwoer and proposed the National Policy.
-This policy was about protective tariffs (raised tariffs on foreign goods and reduced tariffs onn imported raw materials)
-This was to help production of the CPR faster -
William Van Horne
-He is the general manager of the Montreal Company
-He hired navvies, purchased materials, and made important decisions
-In 1888 he becomes the president of the CPR -
Metis Petitioon for Rights
-The Metis attempted to petition to MacDonald for more rights
-This was ignored -
The Last Spike
Donald Smith (president of the Montreal Company) was given the honour to drive the last spike into the CPR -
The Yukon Territory is now part of Canada
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The Provinces Alberta and Saskatchewan are established
The North West Mounted Police is born -
Newfoundland Joins Confederation
New Foundland's name changes to New foundland and Labrador in 2001 -
Canada has own army
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Northwest Territories is split into Nunavut
