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Plankalkül invented by Konrad Zuse
means Plan Calculus
designed for engineering purposes -
Fortran invented by John Backus (IBM)
made for numeric computation and scientific computing
(numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry) -
MATH-MATIC invented by Charles Katz
intended to improve FORTRAN -
Lisp invented by John McCarthy
created as a practical mathematical notation for computer programs and to study artificial intelligence
used to be LISP, meaning LISt Processing -
COBOL invented by Conference on Data Systems Languages
based on Grace Hopper's previous work.
primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments
stands for COmmon Business-Oriented Language -
RPG invented by IBM
stands for Report Program Generator
used for business applications -
BASIC invented by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz
unknown day/month
designed for ease of use and affordability
stands for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code -
Logo invented by Daniel G. Bobrow, Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon
originally conceived to teach concepts of programming related to LISP and only later to enable what Papert called "body-syntonic reasoning" where students could understand (and predict and reason about) a "turtle's" motion by imagining what they would do if they were the turtle. -
B invented by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie
unknown day/month
designed for recursive, non-numeric, machine independent applications, such as system and language software
name derived from BCPL, which is a programming language from 1966 -
Pascal invented by Niklaus Wirth
intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring -
C invented by Dennis Ritchie
designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time support -
ML invented by Robin Milner
stands for metalanguage
conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover (whose language, pplambda, a combination of the first-order predicate calculus and the simply typed polymorphic lambda calculus, had ML as its metalanguage) -
SQL invented by ISO/IEC
stands for Structured Query Language
designed for managing data held in a relational database management system -
Ada invented by Dr. Jean Ichbiah
unknown month/day
designed for large, long-lived applications where reliability and efficiency are essential -
C++ invented by Bjame Stroustrup
designed with a bias for systems programming (e.g. embedded systems, operating system kernels), with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design requirements -
Python invented by Guido van Rossum
Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C
provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale -
Visual Basic invented by Microsoft
enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects -
Embarcadero Delphi invented by Borland Co.
type of Object Pascal language
integrated development environment for console, desktop graphical, web, and mobile applications.
Used to quickly develop applications for Windows -
Java invented by James Gosling and Sun Micosystems
designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible
used for for client-server web applications -
JavaScript invented by Brendan Eich
used for web browsers
allows client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed -
PHP invented by Rasmus Lerdorf
originally stood for Personal Home Page,now stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language -
Nicholas Rewkowski was born