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means Plan Calculus
designed for engineering purposes -
made for numeric computation and scientific computing
(numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry) -
intended to improve FORTRAN
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created as a practical mathematical notation for computer programs and to study artificial intelligence
used to be LISP, meaning LISt Processing -
based on Grace Hopper's previous work.
primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments
stands for COmmon Business-Oriented Language -
stands for Report Program Generator
used for business applications -
unknown day/month
designed for ease of use and affordability
stands for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code -
originally conceived to teach concepts of programming related to LISP and only later to enable what Papert called "body-syntonic reasoning" where students could understand (and predict and reason about) a "turtle's" motion by imagining what they would do if they were the turtle.
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unknown day/month
designed for recursive, non-numeric, machine independent applications, such as system and language software
name derived from BCPL, which is a programming language from 1966 -
intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring
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designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time support
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stands for metalanguage
conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover (whose language, pplambda, a combination of the first-order predicate calculus and the simply typed polymorphic lambda calculus, had ML as its metalanguage) -
stands for Structured Query Language
designed for managing data held in a relational database management system -
unknown month/day
designed for large, long-lived applications where reliability and efficiency are essential -
designed with a bias for systems programming (e.g. embedded systems, operating system kernels), with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design requirements
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Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C
provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale -
enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects
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type of Object Pascal language
integrated development environment for console, desktop graphical, web, and mobile applications.
Used to quickly develop applications for Windows -
designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible
used for for client-server web applications -
used for web browsers
allows client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed -
originally stood for Personal Home Page,now stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language -