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Hymes
The skills required to use language in a social context are measured by eight components of linguistic interaction structured by the acronym SPEAKING; Setting and scene, Participants, Ends, act sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms and Gender. -
Rivers
" The student must learn to articulate acceptably and construct comprehensible language sequences by rapid associations of learned elements" -
Widdowson
He suggests that communicative abilities have to be developed as the same time as the linguistic skills; otherwise the mere acquisition of the linguistic skills may inhibit the development of communicative abilities. -
Halliday
His contribution lies in the establishment of a series of functions that entail the exchange of meanings and it occurs when people basically interact. The seven functions proposed by Halliday are, the instrumental function, the regulator function, the interpersonal function, the personal function, the heuristic function, the imaginative function and the representative function -
Canale and Swain
They defined the Communicative Competence in terms of three basic components (skills). The Grammatical competence, the Sociolinguistic Competence and the Strategic Competence. -
Stern
He mantains that language teaching can and should approach learning objectively and analytically through the study and practice of structural, functional and sociocultural aspects. It should offer opportunities to live the language as a personal experience through direct contact with the target language community. -
Bachman and Palmer
They proposed a new reorganization for Communicative Competence based on two great components; Organizational Knowledge and Pragmatic Knowledge. -
Maturana
The Communicative Competence can be defined as a " globalizing construction that encompasses the skills, abilities and knowledge that the language user must use to effectively interact in various social contexts"