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Noam Chomsky
Language is acquired in a natural way. Rules of grammar are not completely necessary in the real use of language, since the combination for expressing any intention, are infinitive; also, language change and its acquired in a natural way. -
Dell Hymes
Language is sociocultural more than just structure. Language is used in real situations, not in idealized given context. -
Dell Hymes
Children acquire not only the grammatical competence, but also a sociocultural competence: know what to say, when to say it, in what manner, etc., while acquiring grammar rules. -
Labov
He talks about “dual competence in reception”, and “single competence in reception”, explaining with low-class, afro-american children; they learn English by listening in a proper way, but produce a “Black English”. -
Widdowson
Communicative and linguistic skill have to be developed at the same time -
Michael Halliday
He define seven language functions, which determine the knowledge and conprehension level of the speaker. Instrumental: Use of language for getting someting.
Regulatory: Control on others behaviour.
Interpersonal: For establish interactions.
Heuristic: Learn and describe.
Imaginative: For creating.
Representative: For informing. -
Widdowson
Language in the classroom, should be teach as a complement between linguistic context and communicative context, in that way, students will learn to use the language properly in different situations, since we learn not only to create words, but to communicate properly. -
Widdowson
He also clarify some crucial concepts in the use of language. Usage (allows the speaker to show his/her knowledge about the language) and use (allows the speaker to show his/her capacity to use the language for communication). Significance (the meaning of the sentence without context) and value (The meaning th sentence have when it is use). -
Canale and Swain
Grammar competence is necessary, since it gives the base for communication. -
Canale and Swain
Developed a theory with three competences: Gramatical (It is important for the correct literal meaning of utterances), Sociolinguistic (It is made up of sociolinguistic rules of use and discourse rules. Its importance its on the interpretation of the literal meaning, and the intention of the discourse), Strategic (How you make others to understand what you are saying, even without having enough grammatical competence. It is verbal and non-verbal communication). -
Bachman and Palmer
Reorganize the communicative competence form the pragmatic knowledge and organizational knowledge. Organizative knowledge takes into account the whorle order in the discourse, from the word to the sentence, and then cohesion, coherence and rhetoric take place. Pragmatic knowledge talks about how the minimun discourse unities are suitable with the situational characteristics, context characteristics, and intentional characteristics. -
Liliana Maturana.
Communicative competence are the habilties, skills and knowledge in which the speaker is based for interact properly in different social context.
