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Roanoke
A group of 115 English settlers settled on the Island of Roanoke. When John White returned to the island three years later after he left and got trapped in England for a major naval war. When he returned he found no trace of a colony. All that was found was the word "Croatoan" carved in a wooden post.
https://www.history.com/news/what-happened-to-the-lost-colony-of-roanoke -
Jamestown
The Virginia Company of London, a joint stock company, established a colony along the coast of Virginia. Only 38 of the 150 settlers ended up surviving the first winter, making this a very rough start. Other things that set them up for failure was the settlement was located on a swamp, gentlemen refused to work, and the Native Americans were not friendly. John Smith became leader and forced men to work. John Rolfe brought upon tobacco which then lead to Indentured servants. -
The Great Puritan MIgration
The Great Puritan Migration was a period in which the English migrated to New England, Chesapeake, and the West Indies. The migration to Massachusetts consisted of a few hundred pilgrims in 1620 and about 13,000-21,000 emigrants who migrated in 1630 and 1642. The puritans left England mostly because of religious persecution, but also because of economics.
https://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-great-puritan-migration/ -
Mayflower/ Plymouth/ Mayflower Compact
100 passengers including 35 Pilgrims set sail on a ship called the Mayflower, for an area thought to be part the Virginia colony. The anchored at Cape Cod and decided to settle. They formed the Mayflower Compact, this was the first self government, which stated that the decisions would be made by the will of the majority of the colony's men.
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New York
Henry Hudson explored the area in 1611 for the Dutch East India Company. This gave the Netherlands the claim to that territory. The Dutch used the Patroon System to promote settlement. After three naval wars between the Dutch and the British, the Dutch finally surrendered. The land was renamed after the Duke of York. Notes -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
1,000 Puritans, lead by Governor John Winthrop settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The laws that governed the colony were based on the beliefs of the Puritan church. Dissenters were people who didn't follow the puritan rules and laws, they eventually formed a New England Colony. This eventually became the largest most influential New England Colony.
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Connecticut
Was originally known as the Connecticut River Colony. The colony was organized as a Puritan settlement for congregation. English gained control of colony in 1637. This colony played a significant role for the establishment of self-government for the New Colonies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Colony
https://mrnussbaum.com/13-colonies-interactive-profile-map -
Rhode Island
Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for speaking out against government. He then found Rhode Island, a New England Colony, where there is no religiious persicution.
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House of Burgesses
This was an assembly of elected representatives in Virginia. This was the first democratically elected legislative body in English North America. The elected Burgesses would meet with the Governor and the royally appointed Governor's Council. Each county would send 1-2 burgesses. The burgesses would represent the colonists from their colony. In 1774 the House of Burgesses started to support the resistance to the crown.
https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/House_of_Burgesses -
Maryland Toleration Act
This act gave religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland.
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Carolina
Carolina was a Southern Colony and settled by supporters of King Charles II. People settled here to grow cash crops like rice, indigo, adn tobacco. Cash crops were very labor intensive so they brought over African Slaves and by 1720 they outnumbered European setlers 2:1. In 1729, Carolina became a royal colony and split into North and South Carolina.
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Maryland
A Catholic, Lord Baltimore, convinced King Charles I to grant him 100 million acres for land of Catholics being persecuted to settle. After Baltimore died his son Cecil Calvert took over managing the land. Protestants took over Calvert's offer which was giving a hundred acres to every married couple.
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Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon formed an unauthorized militia of indentured servants, slaves, and poor farmers. Virginia Governor formed an army to fight Bacon and men. Berkeley's refusal to retaliate against the Native Americans was the cause of commotion. Bacon and his men attacked and destroyed Jamestown. The rebellion ended when Bacon died from dysentery.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania is a middle colony and was settled by William Penn. he established this colony as a holy experiment. William Penn became a Quaker and his colony soon became a haven for other quakers.
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Salem Witch Trials
In the spring of 1692 young girls in Salem, Massachusetts claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused a local women of witchcraft. This then lead to a hysteria throughout the area. 150 people were accused and imprisoned. 7 died in prison. 19 men and women were found guilty and hung and one man was crushed to death for refusing to testify. This hysteria ended in September 1692. -
Great Awakening/ Englightenment
European philosphical movement, which empasized scientific and logical view of the world, was making its way to America. These ideas altered the religious climate. Ordinary people were encouraged to make a persona lconnection to God, not going through a minister. This brought upon many different types or branches of religon like Methodists and Baptists.
https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening -
Albany Plan
Seven representatives from the British North American Colonies got together to form the Albany Plan. This was a plan to place the North American British Colonies under a more centralized government. Although it never pulled through it was an important proposal for the colonies to be under one government.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/albany-plan -
French- Indian War
Also known as the Seven Year War. Was between France and Britain when France expanded their territory to the Ohio River. The Ohio River was claimed by Britain. This caused a series of battles and for Britain to declare war. Britain was funded by the prime minister and won. This allowed them to take control of Canada and Florida.
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/french-and-indian-war -
Proclamation of 1763
This was issued by the British after the French- Indian War. This created a boundary line, or the proclamation line. This seperated the British colonies on the east atlantic coast, and the American Indian land west of the Appalachian Mountains.
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of -
Salutary Neglect
This was an unofficial policy, enforced by the prime minister Robert Walpole. The policy was initiated to relax the enforcement on strict regulations, mainly trade laws. This allowed the American colonies to trade with non-British enitities and operate independently from Britian, economically and politically.
https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/salutary_neglect
