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Roanoke
Roanoke was the first English settlement founded by Sir Walter Raleigh to colonize the New World in 1585 but not many survived. They went back to England in 1586. In 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh sent John White's group of 100 colonists back to Roanoke. White went back to England to get more supplies, but the war with Spain prevented him from going back. When he returned in August 1590, everyone disappeared from possible drought.
(https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roanoke-colony-deserted) -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect was started by Britain's prime minister Robert Walpole to lessen the enforcement of harsh regulations, especially trade laws, inflicted on the American colonies in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
(https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/salutary_neglect) -
Jamestown
1607: the Virginia Company began a colony by the coast of Virginia. 38/150 settlers survived the first winter. John Smith was Jamestown's leader. 1609: colonists went on a ship only to meet a ship with supplies, so they went back to Jamestown. Rolfe and Pochahontas grew tobacco and made the 1st profitable export. Virginia gave free land to anyone who settled there. Indentured servants worked the tobacco fields. They signed a contract to work 7 years in return for travel to the colony.
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House of Burgesses
The first legislature made up of elected representatives was established at Jamestown in 1619. Property owners could only vote to chose representatives to the House of Burgesses. In 1624, Virginia Company's charter was taken away because it was debt-ridden. Virginia became a royal colony under King James 1.
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Great Puritan Migration
The Great Puritan Migration was when the Puritans migrated to New England, Chesapeake, and West Indies.They left England because of religious oppression and economic reasons. They felt the Church of England was close with the Catholic Church and it should be reformed.1.non-separatists, wanted to remain in the church and reform it from the inside 2.separatists, thought the church was too fraudulent to reform and wanted to leave it.
(https://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-great-puritan-migration/) -
Mayflower/Plymouth/Mayflower Compact
In 1620, the Pilgrims settled the Plymouth Colony and sailed on the Mayflower. The Mayflower Compact was the first self government and it said that the decisions would be made by the colony's men.The Pilgrims settled near the Wampanoag people and met Squanto, who spoke English and helped them converse and meditate with the tribal leaders. He helped the Pilgrims grow corn and establish a treaty with Massasoit. The Pilgrims celebrated their first harvest in the fall of 1621 (Thanksgiving).
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New York
New York-a middle colony settled by the Dutch. In 1611, Henry Hudson explored this land for the Dutch East India Company, giving Netherlands its claim to the land. In the "Patroon" system, landowners got large areas of land they could rent to farmers and could keep their land if the British took over. The British and Dutch fought in 1652-1674 in 3 wars. In 1664, the British sent a fleet to get New Netherlands and the Dutch gave it with no fight. The region was renamed for the Duke of York.
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
In 1630, the Puritans settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony. With a charter from King Charles 1, 1,000 Puritans were led by John Winthrop. The laws were connected to the views of the Church. Dissenters, people who didn't obey the Puritans rules, had punishments. Some made New England colonies. By 1643, 20,000 English settlers united with the Puritans. They were outnumbered but stayed in control because only male members of the church could vote. Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691.
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Maryland
Maryland- Southern Colony settled by Lord Baltimore in 1632. He was a Catholic who persuaded King Charles 1 to give him 100 million acres for persecuted Catholics to inhabit. Maryland was colonized as a Proprietary Colony, meaning the owner of the colony was not the British king or queen, but the ruler. Baltimore died and his son, Cecil Calvert gained rule of the colony. He gave 100 acres to every married pair who settled in Maryland. Protestants took his offer more than the Catholics.
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Rhode Island
Rhode Island was a New England Colony settled by Roger Williams and his supporters in 1635. Williams was exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for vocalizing against government officials punishing religious dissenters and opposed to the confiscation of Native American land. Roger Williams founded Rhode Island where there was no religious oppression of Christians.
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Connecticut
Connecticut was a New England Colony settled by Thomas Hooker in 1636. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: the first written constitution in North America. Citizenship was built on landownership and not by religion.
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Maryland Toleration Act
The Toleration Act granted religious freedom to the Christians that lived in Maryland. This law shows to be the first to mention "free exercise" of religion. Since Lord Baltimore and his son Cecil Calvert were Catholic,the law has sometimes been seen as providing Catholics with religious freedom.
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(https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/868/maryland-toleration-act-of-1649) -
Carolina
A Southern Colony settled by supporters of King Charles 11 in 1663. King Charles gave 8 supporters land in the Carolinas. Since there was easy entry to the trade in the West Indies, people settled in the Carolinas to produce cash crops like tobacco, and indigo. These crops are grown for selling and and not for the farmer to use and required hard labor. By 1720, African slaves outnumbered the European settlers. Carolina became a royal colony and split into North and South Carolina in 1729.
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Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon assembled militia of slaves, indentured servants, and farmers to revolt against a series of Native American attacks on the Virginia frontier. To comeback, William Berkeley, Virginia's Governor, made an army to fight Bacon's men. Bacon's army beat and obliterated Jamestown. The rebellion ended right after Bacon died from dysentery and his co-conspirators were hung. It was the first colonial rebellion against royal control. White farmers and landholders got more rights.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania-a Middle Colony settled by William Penn in 1682. King Charles 11 gave Penn a charter for life for the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681. Penn began the colony as a "Holy experiment," a place with no landowning aristocracy where every male settler received 50 acres and the right to vote. Penn became a Quaker (Society of Friends). They were mocked for their speech and clothing and were ridiculed for refusing the oaths, rituals, ministers of the church, and for their anti-war views.
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Salem Witch Trials
When young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts said they were haunted by the Devil and accused women of witchcraft, terror spread through the land. 150 person were taken to prison, 7 died in prison, 19 women and men were were found guilty and hung for witchcraft and 1 person was pressed to death for rejecting to give evidence. The trials ended in September 1692 because of public opinion against them.
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Great Awakening/Enlightenment
The Enlightenment challenged the role of divine right and religion, and the Great Awakening focused on unifying colonies and accepting religious beliefs (Evangelists saw slavery as a sin). Enlightenment led to science education, and literature interests. Clergy became low because believers began to rely on their own judgement. This caused the creation of many different religions.
(http://www.historyrocket.com/American-History/The-Great-Awakening-And-Enlightenment-In-Colonial-America.html) -
French-Indian War
The French and Indian War was the most gruesome American war in the 18th century, from 1756-1763. It was a battle between the French and English over colonial territory and money. They both wanted to increase their land. This war can also be seen as a product of the conflict between British and French colonists.
(https://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/frenchindian/summary/) -
Albany Plan
The Albany plan was a plan to make a strong union of the British North American colonies. The need accounted for the defense against the dangers and ramifications presented by the French and Indian War. It was suggested by Benjamin Franklin, and was amidst the many plans presented by the delegates that took part in the Albany Congress.
(http://totallyhistory.com/albany-plan-of-union/) -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 made a line, known as the proclamation line, separating the British colonies on the Atlantic coast from American Indian lands west of the Appalachians. After the French and Indian war in America, started to tighten their control on their colonies. After Pontiac's rebellion, King George 111 made all lands west to the Appalachians off limits to settlers.
(https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of)
