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Roanoke https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/mystery-roanoke-endures-yet-another-cruel-twist-180962837/
Roanoke was the first British Settlement established in 1587. The colony of Roanoke Mayor, John White, left his settlement to go to England for power and resources and came back and his whole colony was missing. The word "CROATOAN" was left on trees and was the only sign leading to the missing colony. White never found out what really happened because of the stormy weather and he didn't have enough funds to go back to America. (Also Source: Notes) -
Jamestown ( Source: Notes)
The Virginia Company of London established a colony along the coast of Virginia and they called it Jamestown. It started off bad because 38 out of 150 settlers died the first winter, men didn't want to work, bad winter, and natives weren't friendly. John smith said if no one worked they wouldn't receive food. In 1609, colonist boarded a ship to gather more supplies. Later in 1612, John Rolfe and his wife Pocahontas grew tobacco at Jamestown and developed Virginia's first profitable export. -
Salutary Neglect https://www.landofthebrave.info/salutary-neglect.htm
Salutary Neglect was a British Policy in the 13 colonies that allowed the colonists to violate laws dealing with trade. This boosted their trade profits. Salutary Neglect also passed Navigation Acts in English Parliament, but they were not enforced. Also during the French and Indian war, Great Britain attempted to reverse this policy of Salutary Neglect to pay for war debts. The colonists revolted and this led to the Boston Tea Party, the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence. -
House of Burgesses
In 1691, the first legislature made up of elected representatives in North America was established at Jamestown. Only property owners could vote to elect representatives to the House of Burgesses. In 1624, the debt-ridden Virginia Company's charter was revokes. Virginia became a royal colony under King James I. Source: Notes and https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Burgesses -
Mayflower/ Plymouth/ Mayflower Compact (Source: Notes and https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mayflower-Compact )
In 1620, the Pilgrims settled the Plymouth Colony. 100 passengers including 35 Pilgrims set sail aboard the Mayflower for 65 days and set anchor at Cape Cod. They settled near the Wampanoag community and made the Mayflower Compact, which was the first self government plan in the colonies. The Pilgrims soon met Squanto who helped the settlers grow corn and live through the winter. He also established a treat with the Wampanoag. They celebrated what became the basis for modern thanksgiving. -
Great Migration (Puritan) https://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-great-puritan-migration/
The Great Puritan Migration happened in 1620 because the Puritans were facing religious persecution in England so they left and settled in Massachusetts. There the Puritans settled Plymouth Colony, which was the First Colony in New England. In 1630 they settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which became the largest colony in New England. It was very successful, the Puritans felt like they needed to live as a religious example for England, and the colony took over failed planter settlements. -
New York (Source: Notes)
It was a middle Colony settled by the Dutch in 1624. Henry Hudson explored the area in 1611 for the Dutch East India Company, Giving New Netherlands its claim to territory. Dutch landowners were given tracks of land they can rent out to tenant farmers. they even kept their land when British gained control. The Dutch and British fought 3 wars between 1652-1674. British sent a naval fleet in 1664 and the Dutch surrendered. It was renamed after King Charles II brother, the Duke of York. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony https://www.britannica.com/place/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony
In 1630, the Puritans settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony. About 1000 Puritans settled there and they were led by John Winthrop. The Puritan laws that governed the colony were tied to the beliefs of the Puritan church. By 1643, 20,000 English settlers joined the Puritans. It became the largest and most influential New England Colony swallowing up the Plymouth Colony. Around the 1680's, the king had control over the colony and in 1691, Massachusetts became a royal colony. Also Source: Notes -
Maryland (Source: Notes and https://www.ducksters.com/geography/us_states/maryland_history.php )
Maryland was a southern colony settled by Lord Baltimore in 1632. He was a Catholic who convinced King Charles I to grant him 100 million acres for persecuted Catholics to settle. Baltimore was the ruler of the colony, but sadly died. His son, Cecil Calvert, took over. He offered 100 acres to married couples in Maryland. Protestants took advantage of this and the Catholic haven became mostly Protestant. The Toleration Act of 1649 granted religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland. -
Rhode Island
Rhode Island was a New England Colony settled by Roger Williams and his supporters in 1635. Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for speaking out against government authorities punishing religious dissension and against the confiscation of Native American land. He founded Rhode Island where there was no religious persecution of Christians. Source: Notes and https://www.thoughtco.com/rhode-island-colony-103880 -
Connecticut
https://connecticuthistory.org/thomas-hooker-connecticuts-founding-father/ In 1636 Thomas Hooker and a group of Puritans walked on foot into Connecticut from Boston. Thomas Hooker was a minister there with John Cotton and settled Connecticut. He spread the beliefs of the Puritan church in Connecticut. He also contributed to the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, which was considered the first written constitution in North America. -
Maryland Toleration Act
The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 ensured that religious freedom was given to all the Christians living in Maryland. Maryland had very strict laws like it was a crime to Blaspheme God, the Holy Trinity, and other Prophets. Nevertheless, Protestants still decided to settle in Maryland and soon the Catholic Haven became mostly Protestant. The Catholic influence was overtaken by the Protestants. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/868/maryland-toleration-act-of-1649 (and Notes) -
Carolina (Source: Notes and https://www.historycentral.com/TheColonies/Carolinas.html )
Carolina is a southern colony settled by 8 supporters of King Charles II in 1663. The Carolina's had an easy trade route to the West Indies and a lot of people settled there to grow cash crops like rice and tobacco. Cash Crops are to be sold to obtain money not just for the farmer to keep and use for their benefit. To grow the cash crops was a lot of hard labor and so by 1720, African slaves outnumbered European settlers 2:1. Also in 1729, Carolina was split into North and South Carolina. -
Bacon's rebellion (Source: Notes and https://allthatsinteresting.com/bacons-rebellion )
Nathaniel Bacon raised an unauthorized militia of indentured servants, slaves, and poor farmers to retaliate against a series of Native American attacks on the Virginia frontier. Virginia Governor William Berkeley gathered an army together to fight Bacon and his men. Bacon and his men attacked and destroyed Jamestown. Rebellion ended soon after Bacon's death from dysentery. -
Pennsylvania (Source: Notes and https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/pennsylvania )
It was a middle Colony settled by William Penn in 1682. Penn established the colony as a "Holy Experiment,'' a place without a landowning aristocracy where every male settler received 50 acres and the right to vote. In the 1660s, Penn became a Quaker and his colony became a haven for Quakers. The Society of Friends, or Quakers, was established in 1647, but was not formally organized until 1668. Quakers were anti-war and anti-slaves. They were mocked for their simplicity of speech and clothing -
Salem witch trials
Young girls claimed that they were possessed by the devil and blames other women in Salem Village of witchcraft. The women who were accused go to trial and are found guilty of witchcraft and are hung. Soon more women began accusing other women of witchcraft and everyone was guilty whether or not they practiced witchcraft or not. Source: Notes and https://www.britannica.com/event/Salem-witch-trials -
Great Awakening/ Enlightenment ( http://www.ushistory.org/us/7b.asp )
The Great Awakening went against the Enlightenment and its beliefs. The Great Awakening was a religious restoration that impacted the English colonies in America in the 1730's and 1740's. The Enlightenment emphasized a scientific and logical view of the world. Jonathan Edwards and other ministers set up schools and churches to give their sermons and speeches. the overall message was equality in all religions. The Great Awakening happened nationally not just in one place. -
Albany Plan
It was a plan to put the British North American colonies under a centralized government. Seven representatives from the colonies adopted the Albany Plan on July 10,1754. It was the first important proposal to conceive the colonies as a whole united under the same government, but it was never carried out because the colonial governments’ feared losing power, territory, and commerce, both to other colonies and to the British Parliament. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/albany-plan -
French-Indian War https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/french-indian-war
Also known as the Seven years War, France's expansion across and in the Ohio River caused some tension with British colonies' claims. Some battles later, war was declared in 1754 and the British won against France at Louisbourg, Fort Frontenac and the French-Canadian stronghold of Quebec. Some time later, there was a peace conference in 1763 and France gave the territories of Canada and Florida from Spain to the British.This opened up the Mississippi Valley to westward expansion for the British. -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 was declared at the end of the French and Indian War by the British Crown. It was created to organize British territories and where they were in America. It has become the cornerstone of Native American law in the U.S. and Canada. The Proclamation started to offend the colonies because it forbid settlement on Indian territory. The Pioneers, despite all of this happening, continued to move westward. https://www.britannica.com/event/Proclamation-of-1763
