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Roanoke
This was the first British settlement. 100 men, women & children settled here. They were under the leadership of John White. This area eventually became part of North Carolina. It was known as the "Lost Colony."
Source: The 13 Colonies Worksheet -
Salutary Neglect
This was an unofficial policy of the British government in Massachusetts under which trade regulations were lenient & supervision of colonials was loose as long as colonies remained loyal to the British government.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/salutary-neglect -
Jamestown
The Virginia Company started a colony along the Virginia coast. Only 38 of the 150 settlers survived the first winter because of their lack of knowledge & effort to work. John Smith emerged as leader & started giving rules. Tobacco became Virginia's first profitable export, they used indentured servants to work the fields.
Source: The 13 Colonies Worksheet -
New York
Henry Hudson first explored this area & the Dutch claimed it as "New Netherlands." It was first settled in 1614 when the Dutch established a fort in what is now Albany.
Source: https://www.historycentral.com/TheColonies/NY1.html -
House of Burgesses
This was the first democratically-elected legislative body. These representatives met & elected one member from each country in Virginia. The significance is that the leaders & their ideas brought about the Revolutionary War.
Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/virginia-house-of-burgesses-definition-importance-quiz.html -
Plymouth/Mayflower Compact
This was the first self government plan in the colonies & established the foundation for the Massachusetts colony's government. It pledged that the decisions would be made by the will of the majority of the colony's men.
Source: The 13 Colonies Worksheet -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
About 1,000 Puritans settled here, current day Massachusetts, with a charter from King Charles II. Their leader was John Winthorp. They had laws that governed the colony & you were a 'dissenter' if you didnt follow them. Punnishments ranged from fines, public humiliation, execution or bannishment. By 1680, the king gained control & this became a royal colony.
Source: The 13 Colonies Worksheet -
Maryland
Lord Baltimore, who was a Catholic, was granted a large amount of acres & settled in Maryland where he encouraged persecuted Catholics to settle as well. Maryland was a proprietary colony, which meant the owner of the colony ruled, not the king or queen. The Toleration Act of 1649 took place here & granted religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland.
Source: The 13 Colonies Worksheet -
Rhode Island
Rodger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he spoke out against government authorities who pushed for no freedom of religion. Williams then founded the colony of Rhode Island & there was no religious persecution of Christians there. Religious refugees from the Massachusetts Bay Colony would come to settle there.
Source: The 13 Colonies Worksheet -
Connecticut
Thomas Hooker, puritan, founded Connecticut. The founding began when the Dutch established the first trading post. Connecticut was one of the original 13 colonies located in what is now the town of Hartford.
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/connecticut-colony-103870 -
The Toleration Act of 1649
The Catholics in Maryland had become a minority of the population although they were still politically powerful. They were in danger of being treated unfairly by the Protestant majority. Their solution to this problem was the Toleration Act which provided protection for Catholics, set a precedent but did not provide complete religious freedom as assumed.
Source: http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1600-1650/the-maryland-toleration-act-1649.php -
Carolina
Carolina was later divided into 2 states & was founded by 8 loyal charters of King Charles II. It has easy access to the trade in the West Indies. People settled here to grow cash crops like rice, indigo & tobacco. These crops requires a huge labor force & by 1720, African slaves outnumbered European settlers.
Source: The 13 Colonies Worksheet -
Bacon's Rebellion
In Jamestown, a man named Nathaniel Bacon was kicked out of the assembly. Angered, he gathered a group of Virginia Settlers to rebel against Governor Berkeley, torching the entire town. The rebellion ended when Bacon died, his men were all hanged soon after.
Source: https://www.history.com/news/bacons-rebellion-jamestown-colonial-america -
Pennsylvania
William Penn founded Pennsylvania, a royal colony, & established the colony as a "Holy Experiment," a place without land owning aristocracy. Penn granted this place as a land for Quakers to settle. They were labeled as simplistic because of their speech, clothing, anti-slavery beliefs & they were Pacifists.
Source: The 13 Colonies Worksheet -
Salem Witch Trials
During spring, a group of young girls in Salem Village claimed to be possessed & accused other women of witchcraft. The people in town were terrified, so they held trials to determine who was guilty or not. If you were, you were publicly hung.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials -
The Great Awakening/Enlightenment
This was a religious movement which made the colonists alter their view about the government. The purpose was to convert people to Christianity. Johnathon Edwards gave the famous sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" which inspired hundreds of conversions. People would gather to hear George Whitefield speak. Of course, not everyone embraces these ideas.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening -
Albany Plan
This was a plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government. Residents from 7 of the colonies adopted this plan. The British Government in London ordered the colonial governments to meet because of a breakdown in negotiations between the colony of New York and the Mohawk nation. Ben Franklin drew a cartoon to show the significance of this plan.
Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/albany-plan -
French-Indian War
This was also called "The 7 Year War." This war was resulted from ongoing frontier tensions as officials from both sides (Great Britian & France) sought to extend its influence. It ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763 & provided Great Britian large teritorial gains.
Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/french-indian-war -
Proclamation of 1763
This was the first measure to affect all 13 colonies. It was issued by the British at the end of the French & Indian war to appease the Native Americans. It made a boundary separating the British colonies from American Indian lands. It's become one of the cornerstones of Native American law in the United States.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of -
Great Migration
This was the movement of million African Americans from rural south to the north, midwest & west. Harsh segregation laws drove them away & they eventually made a new place for themselves.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/great-migration
