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Roanoke
The Colony of Roanoke was founded by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1585. The colonists were dependent on the Indians for food but treated them badly. Sir Francis Drake picked up these colonists after destroying St. Augustine and left 15 of his own men behind, who were never heard from again. A total of 90 men, 17 women and 9 children went missing. All that was there was the word Croatoan carved in a tree. http://www.nationalcenter.org/ColonyofRoanoke.html -
Jamestown
Jamestown was America's first permanent English colony. It was sponsored by the Virginia Company of London. The expedition was led by Captain Christopher Newport. After two weeks of exploration, the ships arrived near the James River. Jamestown continued as the center of Virginia’s political and social life until 1699. Although Jamestown ceased to exist as a town by the mid 1700s, its legacies have lasted still to this day.
https://www.historyisfun.org/jamestown-settlement/history-jamestown/ -
House of Burgesses
Elected representatives of English colonists first assembled here to debate and solve common problems and pass laws. It was the first representative governmental body in America. There were 22 members of the House of Burgesses and they only met once a year at first. Its first order of business was to set a minimum price for the sale of tobacco. They could make laws, which could be vetoed by the governor.
www.landofthebrave.info/house-of-burgesses.htm -
The Great Migration
This was when Puritans left England for New England, the Chesapeake and the West Indies due to religious persecution as well as economic reasons. The Puritans thought that the Church of England was too closely intertwined with Catholicism. The Puritans that wanted to separate from the church were called separatists. In 1620, they left on the Mayflower and landed at the coast of Massachusetts where they then formed the Plymouth Colony. www.historyofmassachusetts.org/the-great-puritan-migration/ -
Mayflower Compact
This was a document signed on the English ship, the Mayflower, after its landing at Plymouth, MA. The ship was supposed to go to the Hudson River, but rough waters pushed it to Cape Cod. The document did not solve the matter of their questionable legal rights to the land they settled, but it remained in force until the colony was absorbed into the Massachusetts Bay Colony. This was the first framework of government written in what's now the USA.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mayflower-Compact -
New York
New York was also one of the original 13 colonies. It was founded in 1626 by the Duke of York. This was classified as one of the Middle Colonies.
https://m.landofthebrave.info/new-york-colony.htm -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
This was one of the original English settlements in present day MA. It was settled by a group of about 1,000 Puritan refugees from England under John Winthrop and Thomas Dudley. Increasing hostility between the colony and England resulted in the annulment of the company’s charter and the substitution of royal government under a new charter. The charter of 1691 merged the Plymouth colony and Maine into the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony -
Maryland
Maryland was another of the original 13 colonies. It was founded in 1633 by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore and other colonists. King Charles I said the name for the new colony was to be called Maryland in honor of his wife, Queen Henrietta Maria.
https://www.landofthebrave.info/maryland-colony.htm -
Connecticut
Connecticut was one of the original 13 colonies. It was founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636. The first settlement by Europeans in Connecticut was made in present day Hartford.
https://www.landofthebrave.info/connecticut-colony.htm -
Rhode Island
Rhode Island was also one of the original 13 colonies. It was founded by Roger Williams and other colonists such as Anne Hutchinson. They wanted to escape the lack of religious tolerance found in the other New England colonies. Rhode Island was give its name by Adriaen Block, a Dutch explorer who named it 'Roodt Eylandt' because of the red clay lining the island's shore.
https://www.landofthebrave.info/rhode-island-colony.htm -
Maryland Toleration Act
At this time, there was little religious freedom in England. George Calvert, from England, looked to America as a place of religious freedom. His son carried out his father's dream of establishing a colony in America as a refuge for Catholics.The Toleration Act granted religious freedom to all who believed in the Trinity and that Jesus was the son of God.
http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1601-1700/maryland-toleration-act-11630122.html -
Carolina
This was also one of the 13 original colonies. It was founded in 1633 by eight English nobles with a Royal Charter from King Charles II. North and South Carolina were one colony until 1729. The state was named in honor Charles IX of France and then King Charles I and Charles II of England.
https://www.landofthebrave.info/south-carolina-colony.htm -
Bacon's Rebellion
This was an uprising against American Indians and the colonial government in the colony of Virginia over taking action against Native American thefts. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon. The governor of Virginia at the time was Sir William Berkeley. Bacon's Rebellion was the first rebellion in the American Colonies. This and the Declaration of the People set a precedent for future Americans to obtain equality.
https://m.landofthebrave.info/bacons-rebellion.htm -
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania was also one of the original 13 colonies. It was classified as one of the Middle Colonies. It was founded in William Penn. King Charles II said in the charter given to William Penn that the name should be Pennsylvania. It's a combination of the Latin word ' Sylvania ' meaning woodland together with Penn.
https://www.landofthebrave.info/pennsylvania-colony.htm -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect was a British policy in the 13 colonies which allowed the colonists to violate the laws associated with trade. They reversed their policy to raise taxes in the colonies to pay for the massive war debt from the French and Indian Wars. The reversal of the policy of Salutary Neglect led to insurrection in the colonies, the Boston Tea Party, the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence.
https://m.landofthebrave.info/salutary-neglect.htm -
The Great Awakening & Enlightenment
The Great Awakening was a religious revival that swept through the American colonies, started by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. The Enlightenment was a cultural and intellectual movement that challenged old traditions. It began with scientists like Isaac Newton and writers like John Locke. The Enlightenment had a greater effect on the American society than the Great Awakening did.
https://prezi.com/op8kac4k3kuk/the-great-awakening-vs-the-enlightenment/ -
Albany Plan
This was a proposal made by Benjamin Franklin because he wanted a formation of a strong union of the colonies under a single gov. The home gov rejected this plan because they felt it intruded on the royal prerogative. The colonies disapproved of it because it did not allow them enough independence. It's plans were greater than it's achievements, but it did pave the way for the Stamp Act of 1765.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/albany-plan -
French-Indian War
This was a worldwide nine years’ war fought between France and Great Britain. It determined control of the vast colonial territory of North America. It began over an argument of whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British or French Empire. France, defeated, was ready to negotiate a treaty of peace known as the Treaty of Paris. The settlement of an expanded colonial empire would eventually lead to the American Revolution.
https://www.britannica.com/event/French-and-Indian-War -
The Proclamation of 1763
This was a proclamation declared by the British crown at the end of the French and Indian War intended to appease the Native Americans by checking the invasion of settlers on their lands. Since the proclamation, it has become one of the cornerstones of Native American law in the United States and Canada. Though it wasn't intended to alter western boundaries, it was nevertheless offensive to the colonies as undue interference in their affairs.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Proclamation-of-1763 -
Salem Witch Trials
In January of 1962, Puritans began accusing people of witchcraft and eventually had many executed. People were accused of being witches because they had fits most likely caused by the fungus ergot which came from the rye. Of the first three executed, only one confessed. Eventually more than 200 were accused and 20 executed.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-brief-history-of-the-salem-witch-trials-175162489/
