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Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh founded Roanoke. Roanoke was the first English settlement in America. The first batch of people who settled ended up returning. This was due to scarce food and attacks from natives. A second group went to the new land in 1587 consisting of 100 people, and lead by John White. Eventually, John went back to England seeking more supplies. The colony had disappeared by the time he returned in 1590.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roanoke-colony-deserted -
Salutary Neglect
Britain allowed the colonies to be basically autonomous. This was only if the colonies contributed to Britain and were loyal. This is known as salutary neglect. This system made those living in the colonies use to independence, and in want of it. This contributed to the Revolutionary War.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/salutary-neglect -
Jamestown
Jamestown was formed by the Virginia Company of London. The life there was very hard, the colonists almost left, but supplies arrived. In 1612, Jamestown started producing tobacco as a cash crop. People used indentured servants to farm tobacco. In 1619, they used African slaves. Jamestown had the House of Burgesses, which used elected representatives. This was the first of its kind in North America.
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Connecticut
In 1614, exploration started around the Connecticut river. The Dutch were exploring it. In 1633, the Dutch build a settlement called Good Hope. At Windsor, settlers from Plymouth set up a trading post. The Connecticut River was surrounded by good soil. This caused people to colonize around it, forming the Connecticut Colony. 1,000 people moved to the Connecticut Valley starting in 1635. On Long Island, New Haven, a B. Commonwealth, was established in 1638.
https://u-s-history.com/pages/h543.html -
House of Burgesses
In Virginia, people wanted to have a say in local issues. In 1619, the General Assembly was formed. The House of Burgesses is what it was renamed to in 1643. Only white, landowning men could vote for representatives. These representatives, along with the crown-appointed governor, would settle issues. Issues were things such as taxes. They would also determine laws. https://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp -
Mayflower
Pilgrims who had separated from England set sail on the Mayflower. This ship was intended to reach Virginia. Instead, the Pilgrims landed north of their target in 1620. In this new area, the Pilgrims made the Mayflower Compact. This was the first self-governing setup in the new world. The compact was formed in hopes of establishing rules and order. Squanto was a Native American who helped the Pilgrims live off the land. They learned to farm, and made a treaty with the natives.
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Great Migration
Puritans in England felt they did not have enough religious freedom. Because of this, many left. The Great Migration started in September 1620, when Puritans left on the Mayflower. Another group formed the Massachusetts Bay Company in Massachusetts. The migration ended in 1642. https://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-great-puritan-migration/#:~:text=The%20Great%20Puritan%20Migration.%20The%20Great%20Puritan%20Migration,New%20England%2C%20the%20Chesapeake%20and%20the%20West%20Indies. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was located in Massachusetts. It was settled by Puritans in 1630. The colony was governed by John Winthrop. The colony was under Puritan laws. Some people challenged these laws and were forced from the colony. In 1691, the colony became a royal one.
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Maryland
Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore in 1632. Maryland was a proprietary colony meant for Catholics. Lord Baltimore died, leaving Cecil Calvert in charge. Marylanders set up farms and were peaceful to the natives. In 1649, the Toleration Act was signed. This gave Catholics living in Maryland religious freedom.
notes and https://www.britannica.com/place/Maryland-state/The-colony -
Rhode Island
Rhode Island was founded by a Massachusetts Bay Colony dissenter. Roger Williams founded the colony in 1635. It was a New England colony located by the Narragansett Bay. Christians were free from religious persecutions. Many Puritans came to the colony, which Roger called "Providence".
notes and https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rhode-island-founder-banished-from-massachusetts -
Maryland Toleration Act
The Toleration Act was implemented in Maryland in 1649. This gave religious freedom to all Christians. This also made Maryland a more appealing place to settle for Christians.
notes and https://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/868/maryland-toleration-act-of-1649 -
Carolina
In 1663, eight supporters of King Charles the Second were granted land. They settled this and it became Carolina. Due to the southern location and trade routes, crops were grown for money. In order to have enough harvest, slaves were brought to farm the crops. Carolina became a royal colony in 1729. This split it into North and South Carolina.
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New York
In 1609, Peter Minuit founded New Netherland. This was a Dutch colony. In 1664, the Duke of York received this colony from King Charles II. The Duke renamed it New York. New York was ruled by a governor. In 1685, it went from a proprietary colony to a royal one. Sir Edmund Andros was the royal governor. The citizens did not like how New York was being operated.
https://www.thoughtco.com/colonial-governments-of-the-thirteen-colonies-104595 -
Bacon's Rebellion
Virginian farmers had a hard time making a living. Also, Native Americans threatened them over land. The people wanted to do something about the Native Americans, but Berkley wanted to make everyone happy. Bacon gathered many supporters of war with the natives and attacked a tribe in March 1676. Bacon requested support from Berkley, he refused. Bacon gathered many men and attacked Jamestown, burning it. Bacon died shortly.
https://www.history.com/news/bacons-rebellion-jamestown-colonial-america -
Pennsylvania
William Penn was given a charter by King Charles the Second. William Penn then created the colony of Pennsylvania in 1682. The colony was a religious experiment. Every male got fifty acres and could vote. In 1647, the Society of Friends was created. Those in it were called Quakers. Quakers were peaceful and informal. The Society of Friends did not have a minister. They did not wear fancy clothing. Many Quakers lived in Pennsylvania.
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Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials took place in Salem, Massachusetts. The trials began when a few girls were diagnosed of being possessed. They blamed this possession on women they believed to be witches. Twenty people were executed and seven died in prison. Eventually the people believed the trials to be a bad thing, they ended.
https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials and notes -
Great Awakening
The Enlightenment, which started in Europe in the 1700s, reached the colonies. People were turning away from religion and focused on science. Eventually, Christians wanted to get back to more religious colonies. The colonies had varying religious sects. However, in the 1720s, Calvinism was being preached more. Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were two preachers during this awakening.
https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening#section_1 -
French-Indian War
The French-Indian war was between Great Britain and France. This was started over a territory dispute. The territory wanted was part of the Ohio River Valley. In 1763, the Treaty of Paris was signed. The British gained Canada and Florida. Spain gained Louisiana. https://www.britannica.com/event/French-and-Indian-War
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/french-and-indian-war#section_3 -
Albany Plan
The Albany Plan of Union was meant to unify all British colonies excluding Delaware and Georgia. Only seven of these colonies signed the plan. The colonies would be united under one British government. Others did not agree due to want for control. The plan was not fully enacted.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/albany-plan -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 was between the English colonizers and the Native Americans. the proclamation was signed in 1763. This proclamation line stopped English colonies from going past the Appalachian Mountains into native land. This was intended to stop conflict between the two sides. The proclamation also created Quebec and East and West Florida.
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of
