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" Guerra de los Mil días" (1899-1902)
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Causes:
The Colombian economy was in crisis, with a strong dependence on the export of agricultural products, such as bananas and coffee. Fluctuations in the prices of these products in international markets seriously affected the country's economy.
Struggles for political power: The struggle for political power and control of the presidency was intense. The Liberal and Conservative parties constantly clashed, and the alternation in power was a source of conflict. -
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What was it?
It was a civil conflict because the disagreements with previous policies and results of the Regeneration policy supported by the National Party -
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Events:
The war began with a revolt led by liberals against the conservative government of President José Manuel Marroquín. The initial spark was an electoral dispute in Cúcuta, but it quickly spread to the national level. -
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Actors
Liberals
Conservatives
Regional armed groups
USA: They provided financial support and weapons to conservative forces.
British Legion:A contingent of British mercenaries known as the British Legion joined the Conservative forces and fought the conflict on their behalf.
Indigenous and peasant groups. -
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Battle of Palonegro
This was one of the most important battles of the war and took place near Bucaramanga. The liberal forces under the command of Rafael Uribe Uribe were defeated by the conservative forces, which changed the course of the war in favor of the conservatives. -
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Battle of Panama
The war also affected the region of Panama, then part of Colombia. Liberal forces attempted to take Panama City, but were defeated by conservative forces and American troops stationed there. -
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End of the war
After three years of conflict, the war finally came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Netherlands.This treaty ended hostilities and allowed the liberals to gradually return to Colombia's political life. -
The Violence (1948-1958)
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Causes
Murder of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán: The main trigger for the Bogotazo was the murder of political leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán on April 9, 1948. Gaitán was a charismatic populist leader who had a large following among the popular classes and promised significant social and political reforms. His death caused enormous shock and discontent among his followers. -
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What is it?
It was a historical period in Colombia where armed confrontations occurred between supporters of the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party which, without having declared a civil war, was characterized by being extremely violent with murders, attacks, persecutions, massacres, destruction of private property and terrorism due to political affiliation. -
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Fight for the land
Peasants and rural groups were often involved in violent struggles. -
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Scarcity of resources and opportunities
Poverty, lack of economic opportunity, and scarcity of resources contributed to people's desperation and willingness to join armed groups. -
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Political tensions and bipartisanship
Colombia has historically been divided into two main political parties, the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party. The struggle for power between these two parties created political tensions that were often resolved through violence. -
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Bogotazo
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What is it?
It was a historic event that occurred in Bogotá, Colombia, on April 9, 1948, and marked a turning point in the country's political and social history. -
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Lack of strong democratic institutions
At that time, Colombia lacked strong democratic institutions and stable political processes. This left a power vacuum and a sense of distrust in the political system, exacerbating the unrest. -
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Participants
Followers of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán
Armed and criminal groups
Police
Army
Political leaders and public figures -
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Participants
Liberals and conservatives
The Liberal Guerrillas
Paramilitary groups
National Army
Communists and Left Movements
Civil population
Indigenous and Peasant Groups -
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Participation of armed and criminal groups
During Bogotazo, several armed and criminal groups took advantage of the confusion to loot and commit acts of violence. This further exacerbated the situation and prolonged the unrest. -
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Murder of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán
In 1948 it unleashed a wave of protests and riots known as the "Bogotazo". This event marked the beginning of La Violencia and led to the radicalization of many Gaitán followers.