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Joseph Stalin
1926 he became the new Soviet dictator. In 1927 he began a massive effort to industrialize his country. Stalin was known for his most devastating policy; the collectivization of farms within the Soviet Union during the late 1920s and early 1930s. Some estimate that over 30 million Soviet citizens died from starvation as a direct consequence of Stalin's policies. -
Containment
It is significant because it tried to stop the spread of communism. The policy was established as a response to a series of moves by the soviet union to enforce communism around the world. Containment was necessary to protect freedom from communism from 1944 to 1989 when the cold war ended. -
United Nations
Roosevelt in 1944, thought an international political organization could prevent another world war so in 1944, 39 countries met to discuss. Every nation in the world could have 1 vote. The main purpose is to keep peace and it continues on today. -
Truman Doctrine
March 12, 1947, President Truman set forth a new policy stating that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent being taken over by the Soviets. Arguably the cause of the Cold War. The policy won the support of Republicans who controlled Congress, sending $400 million in American money, but no military forces, to the region. In 1952, both Greece and Turkey Joined NATO, a military alliance that guaranteed their protection. -
Marshall Plan
An American program to aid Europe. The reconstruction was offering aid to the Soviet Union and its allies, but was not accepted. The Marshall Plan was established on June 5, 1947. The Soviet Union rejected all American and British proposals and Stalin tried to destroy the Marshall Plan. -
Berlin Airlift
The Berlin Airlift was a way that let the United States supply Berlin, without provoking a war with the USSR. The Soviets had cut all the supply lines to the city, so the US needed another way to get supplies into the city. Over a period of 11 months, the US airlifted supplies into Berlin. Over 2 million tons of food, medicine, and coal was shipped in. -
N.A.T.O.
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization): an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. This ensured that if a war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union broke out that we would be backed by many countries that are our allies. -
Mao Zedong
A chinese communist and political theorist. He converted China into a single party socialist state. Buisness and industires were nationalized under state ownership ss a result of his rule. Overall,Zedong modernized China.October 1st, 1949-Mao proclaimed the excistence of the People's Republic of China. -
Joseph McCarthy
He was an american politician who, starting in 1950, became the most visible public face in the cold war. He made claims that there were large numbers of communists in the U.S. federal government. After all of the accusation of communism, his trials that were publically released against the army , he lost all of his support because people realized his faults and lies. It happened between 1950 to 1954, and it caused alot of politicians and celebritys to lose their jobs and reputations. -
Korean War
-American and Soviet forces entered Korea to unarm the Japanese troops at the end of World War 2
-Soviet Union provided extensive military aid to the North Koreans but they built up a large, well -equipped army with 75,000 soldiers.
- Conflict between Communist and non-Communist forces in Korea from June 25, 1950, to July 27, 1953
- In 1948 rival governments were established: The Republic of Korea was proclaimed in the South and the People's Democratic Republic of Korea in the North. -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Before Dwight Eisenhower became president in 1952 and 1956, he was supreme commander of NATO in 1950. While in office, he expanded social security and instigated an interstate highway system. Eisenhower helped get rid of McCarthyism. He witnessed the American U2 spy plane get shot down by the USSR in May 1960 -
VietnamWar
-The war began in 1954
-More than 3 million people (including 58.000 Americans) were killed in Vietnam War
-By 1969, at the peak of U.S: involvement in the war, more than 500.000 U.S. military personnel were involved in the Vietnam conflict.
-was the prolonged struggle between nationalist forces attempting to unify the country of Vietnam under a communist government and the U.S attempting to prevent the spread of communism. -
Warsaw Pact
This was an alliance between the Soviet Union and Poland, Albania, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, East Germany and Bulgaria. This was a response to the Western NATO incorporating West Germany, which threatened the Soviets chances for conquest and control of Europe. Like NATO, the Warsaw Pact increased both sides’ unease with the other and also their reluctance to pursue open war. -
Nikita Khrushchev
led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. Served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the partial de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. -
John F.Kennedy
He was the 35th president of the United States and had to lead America through many threats such as the Bay of Pigs Invasion, Cuban Missile Crisis, the space race and the Vietnam War. He became president after defeating Nixon in the 1960 elections, he resolved many communist related problems. Kennedy was in office from 1961-1963. He famously said "Ask not what your country can do for you: ask what you can do for your country". He was assassinated on November 21 1963 while riding in his motorcade -
Berlin Wall
The wall was put up by the Germans overnight on August 12, 1961. It placed massive tension on Berlin’s alliance status and symbolized the line between democracy and communism. The Germans put up wall to divide East and West Berlin into Allied and Axis sides. The wall stood until its destruction in 1980. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was the most dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced during his term in office. This historical event took place in 1962. Once the US found out that the Soviet Union placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered a naval blockade on Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis almost led to a nuclear war between the United States and Soviet Union. It eventually led to a treaty that banned the testing of the nuclear weapons. It weakened Khrushchev’s power and stirred -
Lyndon B.Johnson
Became president in 1963, after John F. Kennedy's assassination. He launched progressive reforms for the people to help them get out of poverty. This became know as the "Great Society". This made a lasting impact for the life of an American. -
Harry S.Truman
- He became president of the U.S.A after Roosevelt died and had to confront japan because the war was not over yet.
- Roosevelt died, so vice president Truman had to take office.
- April 12, 1965 Roosevelt died and Truman became president. And the U.S. citizens were shocked because Roosevelt was perceived as invincible.
- At first it was hard to adjust but had to step up in order to win the war.
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ronald reagan
into office but only 69 days later he was shot. He was able to quickly recover and return to his duties as the president. The way he handled the event made him very popular among the people.Able to convince legislature to increase economic growth, curb inflation, employment&strengthen national defense. Reagan worked towards cutting taxes and Government expenditures. 1984 Reagan won his second term as president. In his 2terms he was able to increase defense spending 35& improve relations w/ S.UN -
Iran Contra Scandal
The Iran Contra Scandal was a secret arrangement in the 1980’s that gave funds to Nicaraguan contra rebels in return to Iran. This occurred during Ronald Regan’s term. It caused congress to enact the Boland Amendment. This affair brought concern of Congress power over foreign affair and the limits of the executive branch. -
GeorgeH.W.Bush
-Born June 12, 1924 (Milton, Massachusetts)
-41st President of the United States (1989-93
-Republican
-43rd Vise President of the United States (1981-89)
-A congressman, an ambassador and Director of central intelligence
-Is currently the oldest surviving President
Brought to the white a dedication to traditional American values and a determination to direct them toward making the U.S. “a kinder and better nation.” -
Fall of Berlin Wall
Fall of Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) 1989
-Was both the physical division between West Berlin and East Germany from 1961 to 1989
-Symbolic boundary between democracy and communism during the cold war
-August 13 1961 to November 9, 1989
-Was erected in the dead of night and for 28 years kept East Germans from fleeing to the West
-A wall, which separated West and East Berlin a well then West and East Germany -
Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Gorbachev was the last General Secretary of the Soviet Union. He signed the INF Treaty on December 8, 1987. He tried to transform the Soviet Union by instituting multiple reforms. He allowed Soviet citizens to freely voice their opinions and travel. He tried to resurrect the economy but instead brought it down. He released many political prisoners and advocated the use of technology. -
Collapse of the Soviet Union
The reforms set by Gorbachev were a huge detriment for the Soviet Union. The caused the economy to collapse. The reforms also led to many revolts. Eventually, the Soviet Republics began to declare independence and secede from the Soviet Union. The collapse of the Soviet Union marked an end to the Cold War.
