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Plessy VS Fergusson
Homer Plessy was born on March 17, 1862 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was 1/3 black and 2/3 white, but to the law he was considered black. Plessy refused to sit in a car for blacks because he felt that his constitutional rights were violated. The supreme court favored Ferguson by 1-7. The outcome of this case was the court stamping the “separate but equal” doctrine.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson -
Marshal plan
President Harry. S Truman signed the Marshall Plan on April, 3rd 1948. It was an American Program to help Western Europe by giving them over $12 billion in economic to rebuild their economies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Plan
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=82 -
Creation of NATO
NATO stands for "North Atlantic Treaty Organization." It was a treaty signed on April 4th, 1949 and its purpose was to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means. The members, in this instance, are 29 countries in Europe and North America.
https://www.nato.int/nato-welcome/index.html -
Berlin Airlift
This event is one of the first major international problems of the Cold War. The city of Berlin was split into four sectors. The Allies took the western sectors and the soviets took the eastern sectors. Stalin tried to take control of the western sector by cutting off all land & sea routes to the west to pressure the Allies to leave. This caused many people to starve on June 28, 1948. The Allies tried to aid the people by dropping 2500 tons of supplies. Stalin lifted the blockade on May 1949. -
First Successful Soviet Nuclear weapon test
On August 29th, 1949, the Soviet Union successfully detonated their first nuclear weapon on a remote island at Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan. The Soviets went as far to constructing buildings to test out the strength of a nuclear explosion. They also placed animals, that are closely related to humans, in cages to test out what are the effects of radiation. The USA was shocked due to the fact that they didn't expect the soviets to obtain nuclear knowledge so quickly. -
U2 spy plane shot down
An American plane named the U-2 spy plane was shot down while it was observing the Soviet Union. The Soviet Air Defense Forces shot down the U-2 plane by launching a S-75 Dvina surface-to-air missile. The U-2 plane crashed near Sverdlovsk and the pilot was captured alive. The pilot was named Francis Gary Powers and he was released in exchanged of a captured Soviet spy in 1962.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-u-2-spy-plane-shot-down -
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Korean War
It is often called The Forgotten War. The war began when 75,000 North Koreans crossed the 38th parallel and invaded South Korea. North Korea was being aided by the Soviet Union and China while South Korea was being aided by North America and The United Nations. About 2.5 million people lost their lives fighting in this war which ended on July 27, 1953.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/01/world/asia/korean-war-history.html -
First hydrogen bombs
The United States successfully detonated the first ever hydrogen bomb on the island of Elugelab in Enewetak Atoll, in the Pacific Ocean. The bomb was code-named Ivy Mike and it was detonated on November 1st, 1952. The hydrogen bomb was approximately 1000 times stronger than the other nuclear devices.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Mike
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/united-states-tests-first-hydrogen-bomb -
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Joe McCarthy
Joseph Raymond McCarthy was an American Politician. He served as a Republican U.S senator from the state of Wisconsin. The term "McCarthyism" began because Joseph started to accuse anyone of being a communist during the red scare. McCarthy tried to also accuse the U.S army for being communists, but that backfired and the public went against McCarthy(ism) because of it.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army–McCarthy_hearings -
Trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
One of the most historic trials was Julius and Ethel Rosenberg's. They were blamed of sharing atomic secrets to the Soviets during and after World War II. They both were later sentenced to death and were executed in 1953.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rosenbergs-convicted-of-espionage -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was a civil rights activist who didn't want to surrender her seat to a white person on a segregated bus in Montgomery. Her defending herself created the Bus Boycott. The success of the Boycott ended racial segregation of public facilities.
https://www.biography.com/activist/rosa-parks -
The Hungarian Uprising
It was a nationwide revolution against the Hungarian People's Republic and the Soviet policies. The revolt quickly spread across Hungary, the government eventually collapsed. Over 2,500 Hungarians and 700 Soviet troops were killed in the conflict, and 200,000 Hungarians left the country.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956 -
The Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine was about nine black students enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School. It is considered to be one of the most important events in the African American Civil Rights Movements. It was a step against segregation, and they were first to do it.
https://www.google.com/search?q=little+rock+nine+summary&rlz=1CANYDT_enUS835&oq=little+rock+nine+summary&aqs=chrome..69i57l2j69i60l3j69i59.4147j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&ssui=on&surl=1 -
The Launch of Sputnik 1
Soviet union launched what was a first artificial satellite. People hoped that it would be the US that accomplishes the new technology. People were scared that it was a terrorist attack. They didn't know what was going on. The Soviets made the satellite to prove that their science and technology was advanced.
https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/lw/103729.htm
https://www.quora.com/Science-What-was-the-purpose-of-Sputnik-1-Not-necessarily-th... -
Period: to
Nikita Khrushchev as the premier of Soviet Union
He was a statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He established the Cuban Missile Crisis by placing nuclear weapons 90 miles from Florida. Many officials saw his behavior as "Cowardly". Khrushchev died of a heart attack in 1971. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/khrushchev-consolidates-his-power
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev -
Castro Takes Over in Cuba
Fidel Castro led a revolution against the Cuban government. Fidel attempted three attacks against the Cuban government. The first attack was unsuccessful, and Fidel gets sent to prison for 15 years, but gets pardoned by the President, Fulgencio Batista. They failed the second time because Fidel's army defeated them. But the third time he attacked successfully and he made Fidel leave the country. Fidel later on turned his country communist. The winner in this event it the Soviet Union. -
John F. Kennedy Elected to Presidency
John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States. On May 25th,1961, JFK stated to congress that he had a goal to send an American safely to the Moon before the end of the decade. He achieved his goal on July 20, 1969 when Neil Armstrong landed on the moon. This made the U.S winners for the "Space Race" during the cold war because the U.S surpassed the Soviet's achievement of sending a man into space.
https://history.nasa.gov/moondec.html -
First Man in Space
Yuri Gararin was the first man in space. It was a competition between the Soviet Union and the U.S. The competition was to see who would be in outer space first. The Soviet Union won because they advanced in the technology.
https://www.space.com/16159-first-man-in-space.html -
Bay of Pigs Invasion
1,400 CIA reinforced Cuban exiles attacked at the south beach of Cuba called the Bay of Pigs. The plan was to overthrow Fidel Castro. This all started when Fidel Castro took over all of the American companies in Cuba and the U.S. Dwight Eisenhower thought of the attack ,but JFK went through with it.
http://www.american-historama.org/1945-1989-cold-war-era/bay-of-pigs-invasion.htm -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was when the United Stated and Soviet Union confronted each other during the Cold War. Ended in a "treaty" where the US took missiles from Turkey and then Soviets took missiles out of Cuba. At one point both countries were hours away from war. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis -
First American Troops Arrive in South Vietnam
President Lyndon B. Johnson sent 3,500 troops to Vietnam. They landed on Da Nang in South Vietnam. The country was split in two. The North side had communism and the South side had capitalism. The U.S supported the South because of their similar political views and they both opposed the North. The winner here is the Soviet Union because America lost the war and communism from the North spread to the South.
https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history -
Allan Bakke Case
Allan Bakke was a thirty-five-year-old white man. He applied twice for the University of California Medical School at Davis. He was rejected twice because the school reserved 16 spots for "qualified" minorities. He took this to court because the racial quota admissions was unconstitutional. The supreme court had no majority opinion.
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1979/76-811
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