-
Period: to
Yalta Conference
-Second wartime meeting of the "Big Three" with the three leaders demanding Germany's unconditional surrender.
-Planned for postwar world.
-This event took place in a resort town in the Soviet Union called Crimea.
-It helped lead to the Cold War as the Soviet Union got control over Eastern Europe.
-Not taken into consideration were Germany's rights and freedoms, negatively affecting and taking away their liberalism.
An example of alignment. -
Period: to
Potsdam Conference
-Last of the WWII meetings held by the "Big Three." They negotiated the terms of the end of WWII.
-Established a council of Foreign Ministers and Central Allied Control Council for Germany.
-Agreements were made on German economy.
-Punishments for war criminals were made.
-The conference failed to settle a large majority of important issues, ultimately contributing to creation of the Cold War.
-Germany did not get to make any decisions ans had not say in problems that concerned them.
-Alignment. -
Period: to
Hiroshima/Nagasaki Bombing
-The US dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This was a leading cause of Japan's unconditional surrender.
-Wanted to pressure USSR for Germany and Eastern Europe as a pro-Capitalist society.
-They were pro liberalism and used fear as a tactic to enforce liberalism.
This is an example of expansionism. -
Molotov Plan
-A system created by Soviet Union in order to provide aid, to rebuild countries in Eastern Europe, countries aligned to the Soviet Union.
-To reject the Marshall Plan and therefore, the ideology of capitalism.
-Contributed to the Cold War as it was very anti-Capitalism, and further supported Communism.
-This rejected liberalism ideals, and was pro collectivism.
Example of alignment. -
Truman Doctrine
-Initially expressed by President Truman, a policy intended to counter Soviet Geopolitical expansion during the Cold War.
-Established that the US would provide assistance (political, military, economic) to Greece and Turkey, against the Communists.
-Effected the Cold War as the contributed to the whole theme of the war, the Communism VS. Capitalism.
-It helped protect liberalism, and rejected the ideas of collective rights and common good over the good of the individual.
-Containment. -
Brussels Treaty
Agreement signed by Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg(creating collective defense alliance.
-Trying to show that Western European states could cooperate, encouraging the US to play a role in security of Western Europe.
-Created to counter threat of Soviet expansion or aggression, continuing the Cold War.
-Protected liberalism of the people.
-Example of alignment. -
Marshall Plan
-Proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall.
-AKA, European Recovery Program
-A US program providing aid to Western Europe following WWII devastation.
-Provided more than $15 billion to finance rebuilding efforts on the continent.
-The US feared without offering assistance, poverty resulting WWII would make communism appeal to voters in Western Europe.
-Followed Cold War theme of Capitalism VS. Communism.
-Wanted to preserve liberalism within Europe.
-Containment -
Period: to
Berlin Blockade
-Attempt by Soviet Union to limit abilities of France, Great Britain, and the US to travel to their sectors of Berlin.
-Blocked railways, roads and canal access to sectors of Berlin under Western control.
-To limit capitalist influence in Berlin.
-Increased conflict of Capitalism VS. Communism between the the opposing nations.
-This was an attempt to suppress liberalism.
An example of the "spheres of influence." -
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
-A formal alliance between the territories of Europe and North America.
-Its main purpose was to defend themselves and each other from the possibility of the Soviet Union taking control of their nation.
-It affected the Cold War as people were very seriously opposed to the ideals of Communism, they were fanatically fighting for the ideas of Capitalism.
-It was an attempt to preserve the liberalism of society.
-Alignment. -
Soviet Creation of Nuclear Weapons
-Soviets successfully tested their nuclear device, called RDS-1 at Semipalatinsk. It caused a nuclear arms race between US and the USSR. The competition and mistrust caused them to build but never fire nuclear devices, however, still continuing paranoia that caused the Cold War.
-This was an example of deterrence. -
Period: to
Korean War
Conflict between North and South Korea, ultimately causing them to separate and become individual countries
The US and UN sided with South Korea, promoting Capitalism, while China allied with North Korea, advocating Communism
Example of the internal conflict within a nation on whether to embrace Capitalist or Communist ideologies, continued the Cold War as Korea divided as a nation and started a war
North Korean's lost their liberalism, and South Korean's gained liberalism
Example of containment -
Stalin's Death
-Stalin's death in 1953 was the result of a heart attack.
-Stalin passed away in his own bedroom.
-This temporarily thawed the Cold War but continued after Stalin was replaced.
-Stalin's death ultimately left liberalism unaffected, as the Soviet Union virtually stayed unchanged, and the Government ruled the same way.
-Example of spheres of influence as Capitalism truly had no way to gain momentum within the Soviet Union. -
Warsaw Pact
-Treaty between Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
-Signed in Poland and officially called,"The Treaty of Friendship, Co-Operation and Mutual Assistance."
-To ensure total equality and mutual non-interference between nations.
-Didn't like ideology of Capitalism, supported Communism, furthering the Cold War.
-Wanted to terminate individual liberalism, and believed in common good over the individual.
-An example of alignment -
Period: to
Vietnam War
-Between North and South Vietnam.
-North Vietnam supported by Soviet Union.
-South Vietnam supported by US.
-The North Vietnamese accept a cease-fire. But as U.S. troops left Vietnam, North Vietnamese military officials continued plotting to overtake South Vietnam.
-Contributed to conflict of Cold War as Vietnam's Capitalist VS. Communist ideologies were very separated within the nation.
-Liberalism was gained by South Vietnam as North Vietnam accepted a cease-fire.
-Example of containment. -
Period: to
Hungarian Revolution
Following a speech by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, Hungarians were encouraged by the new freedom of debate and criticism, causing a rising tide of unrest and discontent in Hungary, and broke out into active fighting and rioting, against Communism. Stalin-type domination and exploitation left.
Impacted Cold War as it rejected Communism, embraced Capitalism, furthered the conflict between nations.
Affected liberalism by allowing people to have slightly more freedom within society.
Containment -
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)
-Headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
-A US and Canadian organization.
-Centralizing operational control of continental air defenses against the threat of Soviet bombers.
-Impacted the Cold War as North America was vehemently opposed to the ideas of Communism, and furthered the beliefs of capitalism.
-In favour of all individualistic values and beliefs, anti-Communism.
Alignment-US and Canada joined together to reject Communism, and created NORAD.
-Alignment. -
Period: to
Fidel Castro Taking Over
-Castro played a key role in the Cuban Revolution, leading the Movement in a Guerrilla War against Batista's forces from the Sierra Maestra. After Batista's overthrow in 1959, Castro took military and political power as Cuba's Prime Minister.
-Before Cuba was allied with the US, under Castro's reign, they allied with the USSR, contributing to Communism, continuing the Cold War.
Under Castro's reign, they rejected liberalism, and wanted collectivism, before they had been for liberalism.
Alignment -
Period: to
Bay of Pigs
-Invasion by the US to Cubans into Cuba attempting to flee their Communist country and this failed, and many Cuban's were captured and killed.
-Was meant to overthrow Communism, and enforce Capitalism in Cuban society, continuing the theme of the Cold War.
-A ploy by the US, attempting to ignite Capitalist values within Cuban society, a pro-liberalist goal, to ensure individual rights in Cuba.
This is an example of both; alignment and capitalism. -
Creation of Berlin Wall
-Wall, built by German-Democratic Republic, between East and West Berlin, to prevent the invasion of the Capital-based west, from Eastern Berlin, and therefore prevent people from defecting from the ideology of Communism.
-Symbolization of the actual conflict of Communism opposed to Capitalism.
-It was anti-liberalism, and stood for collectivism.
-This was an example of deterrence. -
End of Cuban Missile Crisis
-The US and the Soviet Union reached an agreement to stop pointing missiles at each other.
-It affected the Cold War by relieving tension between the nations as they dropped the threats towards each other, and resolved their conflicts, without military pressure.
The end of the Cuban Missile Crisis ultimately left liberalism unchanged, as opposing nations simply dropped the animosity and threats they held towards each other previously.
-Example of containment. -
Nuclear Arms Treaties
-International treaty to prevent spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, promoting cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
-Signed by UK, US and Soviet Union
-Effective March 5, 1970
-Resolved more Cold War conflicts, slowing it down.
-Liberalism remained virtually unchanged by this treaty as it only lessened threats to opposing nations.
-Example of alignment. -
Period: to
Afghanistan/Soviet War
-The Soviets killed off Afgan leader, place replaced him with their own leader, President Babrak Karmal.
-They intended this to push Afganistan on path of Communism, but, US assisted the Afgan citizens and the Soviet Union surrendered, signing a peace treaty to end the war.
-Cooled off the Cold War as this resolved a major conflict/war within it.
-Affected liberalism because Afganistinian citizens maintained individual rights and held onto their liberalism.
-Example of containment and detente. -
Solidarity in Poland
-Leah Walsey became Poland's first non-Communist president since before WWII.
-Drastically changed Poland, giving workers more rights, got the government to agree to demands, helped free Poland from Communism.
-Slowed down/resolved one issue of the Cold War, and slowing it down as Communism was no longer effective within Poland.
-People got access to liberalism, and freedoms, and had better changes.
-Example of containment. -
Berlin Wall Falling
-As the Communist bloc weakened, their influenced also weakened.
-East German government official Günter Schabowski said in an announcement, "Permanent relocations can be done through all border checkpoints between the GDR [East Germany] into the FRG [West Germany] or West Berlin."
-This event continued dismantling the Cold War, lessening effects of Communism.
-This positively affected and increased liberalism within Berlin as people were no longer affected by the wall.
-Example of containment. -
Period: to
Czechoslovakian Revolution
-Nonviolent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia.
-Students and older dissidents ended the one-party rule and dismantled the planned economy in favor of a parliamentary republic.
-Resolved one more issue in the cold war, in favour of capitalism.
-Liberalism was affected as it was a shift right on the spectrum and more liberalism was gained.
Example of deterrence. -
End of the Cold War
-The Cold War came to an end at the time Communism really started faltering.
-The Berlin fall fell, borders opened.
-Soviet lead Gorbachev and President Bush met, in Malta and that largely contributed to the war's end, although the war didn't officially end till two years after.
-Affected liberalism as the threats of the Cold War were over, and people felt free again, positively impacting their freedoms.
-Examples of alignment and containment.
